KARSHIKA KERALAM

hm\ne Irjn

kpK {Zhyfn {][m\tadp 'h\nen's DdhnSamb hm\nebpsS Irjn tIcfnse Imemhbvpw an\pw hfsc tbmPnXmWv. kpK hnfIfpsS cmPIpamcn (Princess of spices) Fv AdnbsSp Cu hm\nebpsS ImbvIfn \npw e`np 'hm\ne Fkv' AYhm 'hm\nen' hymhkmbnI {]m[m\yap DXv]amWv. HmnUv hns] hm\nebpsS imkv{Xob \maw hm\ne m\nt^mfnb B\v{Sqkv (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) FmWv. Ipd ]cnNcWn IqSpX BZmbw Xcp hm\ne Irjn hymhkmbnI hfbvpw hgnsbmcppp.

tNmtev, sFkv{Iow, tIpI apXemb t_dn km[\v KsshinjvSw ]IcpXv hm\ne Fkns kmn[yamWv. CXn\p ]pdta kpK hkvXpfpsS \namWn\pw CXv D]tbmKnpp. hntZi hn]Wnbn \ UnamUp {]IrXnZamb hm\nebpsS BtKmf BhiyIX 30.000 sa{SnIv S BWv. BtKmf DXv]mZ\w shdpw 3000 sa{SnIv S am{XamWv. ASp Imew hsc IrXyambn \nnp hm\ne kmWv D]tbmKnncpXv. Fm Cu Ir{Xna hm\nebvv {]nbtadpIbmWv. CXns apJy DdhnSw hm\ne sNSnbpsS ImbvIfmWv.

HmntUkntb (Orchidaceae) IpSpw_nsSp hm\nebn AXntesd kv]ojnkpI DsWvSnepw hymhkmbnI {]m[m\yaph aqv kv]ojnkpIfmWv.

hm\ne {]m\nt^mfnb B{Uqkv (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) AYhm hm\ne {^m{Kkv kmenkv_v Atakv (V. fragrans Salisb Ames).
hm\ne s]mtmW joUv (V. pompona Schiede)
hm\ne XmlnsXknkv sP.U_vfyq.aq (V. tahitensis J.W.Moore)

Chbn Ghpw IqSpX {]Npc {]NmcapXv hm\ne m\nt^mfnb F kv]ojnkmWv.

Ncn{Xw

hm\nebpsS DdhnSw FhnsSbmsW\\v hyamb Adnhnsnepw 'aUKmkvI' Cu IrjnbpsS amXrcmPyambn IWmsSpp. ]Xn\mdmw \qmWvSn kvs]bn\n hm\ne {]NmcnepWvSmbncpXmbn AdnhpWvSv. 1602- Fenk_v cmn `W ]Zmv cpNn hnm\qw kpK ]cnafn\pambn hm\ne D]tbmKnncpt{X. 17-mw \qmWvSn {^mknepw, 1819  dobqWnb\nepw hm\ne Fn.

Cybn BZyambn hm\ne FnbXv 1935- IpmenemWv. Cunym I\n Ipmev AhcpsS kpK hnf tXmn hm\ne \p. ]noSv sX tIcfw, Xangv\mSv, IpSIv FnhnSfnsensbnepw Cybn CXn\v henb {]NmcapWvSmbn. hoWvSpw 1940- tIcfn hb\mSv Pnbnep Aehben awKewImv F Ftn 5 G ev hm\ne Irjn XpSn. Cybnse Xs BZys Ghpw henb hm\ne tXmw AXmbncnpw. AhnsS \nv sXmSpp Aehb ImjnI KthjW tI{nepw Nne IjIcpsS tXmnepw CXns Irjn XpSn. hb\mnse apw Imemhbpw hm\ne Irjnv Ghpw A\ptbmPyamIbm AXns hnIk\ kmyXIfpw kmnI {]m[m\yhpw IWnseSpv Cy ImjnI KthjW Iuknens kmnI klmbtmsS 1960- Aehb ImjnI KthjW ]Xn Bcw`np. ]noSv CSpn Pnbnse abnemSpw]mdbnepw Irjn Bcw`np.

hm\ne Cybn Fnbnv 100-150 hjamsbnepw 1945-1950 ImeLnemWv hmWnPymSnm\nep Irjn XpSnbXv. Ctm IWmSIw, tIcfw, Xangv\mSv kwm\fnepw eZzo]nepambn Dtiw 100-150 slIvStdmfw ev hm\ne Irjn sNpp. Cy IqSmsX aUKmkvI, CtUmt\jy, saIvkntm, Pmhm, audojykv, Xlnn, skbvjkv. Pssam, Kzmname, {_kn FnhnSfnemWv hm\ne Irjn ImcyambnpXv.

{]Xnhjw GItZiw 3000 S hm\ne ImbvIfmWv Fm Dev]mZI cmPyfpw IqSn Dev]mZnnpXv. CXn ]IpXnbpw aUKmkvIcn \nmWv. CtUmt\jy, tImtamtdm, dobqWnb XpSnb cmPyfmWv ap {][m\ Dev]mZI. hm\ne CdpaXn sNp cmPyfn Atacn, {^mkv, P\n, Pm FnhbmWv ap]n \npXv. Amcmjv{S hn]Wnbn {]Xnhjw GXmWvSv 30,000 S hm\ne ImbvI Bhiyambn hcppWvSv.

Imemhbpw apw

NqSpw Cuhpw Ie ImemhbmWv hm\ne Irjnp tbmPnXv. CXns icnbmb hfbvv `mKnIamb XWepw (A]Xv iXam\w) BhiyamWv. Xpdmb ev Irjn sNbvXm Cebpw XWvSpw afnpIbpw IcnbpIbpw sNpp. InWen IcpnmsX hfcpIbpw ]mWvUqcamIpIbpw (Etiolation) sNpp. kqcy civanIfpsS ]IpXn am{Xw XW acnIfneqsS Acnndn sNSnbn hogpXmWv Ghpw A\ptbmPyw.

kap{Z \ncn \nv 1200 ao hsc Dbcap efn hm\ne Iyjn sNmw. {]Xnhjw 200 apX 300 sknao hsc hjm\p]mXw e`np Xcn CSbvnsS ag e`np sImWvSncnpXpw km[mcW Xm]\ne 21 apX 31 hscbp eamWv hm\ne Iyjnv Ghpw Daw.

tIcfnse Imemhbn Bhiyamb XWtemSpIqSn X\nhnfbmtbm, sXv, IapIv tXmfn CShnfbmtbm hm\ne Iyjn hnPbIcambn sNmhpXmWv. aW tN ]inacmin (kmn tSma) ap apX sNp av hscbp hyXykvX an\fn hm\ne Iyjn sNmw. Fm ssPhmwiw IqSpXepXpw hfqdpXpw \ohmbpXpw Pemiw \ne\npXpamb Xcn anemWv. hm\ne Ghpw ]pjvSntbmsS hfcpXv. an Pemwiw sIn\nphm ]mSn.
\So hkvXp

\So hkvXphmbn D]tbmKnpXv \ aq XWvSpIfmWv. ]Xn\p apX Ccp]Xp hsc CSapp \ofap XWvSp hNv#m sNdnb XWvSpItfm thKw Imbv ]nSnpw. Gm C{Xtbsd \ofap XWvSpI e`nphm {]bmkamWv. e`yX A\pkcnv \ofw IpdbvpItbm IqpItbm sNmw. NpcpnbXv 5 apX 6 appItfmSp IqSnbXpw 0.5 apX 1 ao hsc \ofapXpamb hnf XepI \SpXn\mbn D]tbmKnmw. Chbn cWvSv appI an\Snbn hc coXnbn \SWw. sNdpXpw aqmXpamb XepItfm, ssXItfm \SpXv Imbv ]nSnw sshIm ImcWamIpw. \SpXn\p apv XepI Hcp iXam\w hocyap t_mtUm an{inX emb\nbn apnsbSpv \SpXmWv \Xv.

t]mfn _mKn thcp ]nSnn \So hkvXp XmdmpXn\v cWvSv CSapp XWvSmbmepw aXnbmIpw. Snjyq I AYhm tImi {]P\\ coXnbnepw ssXIfpev]mZnnmw. \Sm\p ssXIv NpcpnbXv 30 skoaoscnepw \ofw DWvSmbncnm {inWw.

Xmpac

]Sp hfcp hnfbmbXn\m Xmp ac hm\ne Iyjnv AXymhiyamWv. \Sp ew \mbn Infv ]cphsSpn hcnI Xn 2.5 apX 3 ao AIenepw Hcp hcnbn ac Xn 2 ao AIenepw Xmpac \SWw.

hnPbIcamb hm\ne Iyjnv `mKnIamb XW AXymhiyambXn\m Xmnt\msSmw XWepw \Ip ac sXcsSpWw. ]cp]cp sXmenbpw sNdnb CaIfpXpw DbcnemIpXn\p appXs imJ s]mpXpamb acfmWv tbmPnh. Xmp acv ]Icw acqWpItfm tIm{Iov XqWpItfm D]tbmKnmw. Fm XW {]tXyIw \tIWvSn hcpw.

ioasm ({KnendknU amIpte) sh apcpv (sFXocnb entXmkv{]m) ImmhWv (Pmvtdm^m Imdkv) IpnsIw (tadnb B]m) a_dn (tamdkv B^m) XpSnb ac Xmp acfmbn ]nSnnmhpXmWv. ChbpsS IpI \p ]nSnnptm 5 sko aosdnepw hymkhpw Hc apX cWvSp ao \ofhpw DWvSmbncnWw. hm\ne \SpXn\v Bdp amkw apv Xmp acmepI \SWw. th\en\p tijap CSag Inptm IpI \SpXmWv \Xv.

\So kabhpw coXnbpw

agbpw DWpw A[nIanm ImemhbmWv hm\ne sNSn \Sm Ghpw ]nb kabw. ag s]bvXv ap XWpptXmsSmw I\ agbnm kabamb HmKv-sk]vw_ amkfn \SpXv ssXI \mbn ]nSnp Inm klmbnpw.

Xmp acfn \nv HcSn AIenemWv hm\ne \tSWvSXv. \Sp XWvSns Ghpw ASnbnep aqp \meneI apdn tijw \Sm\p]tbmKnWw. hm\nebpsS thcpI ans D]cnXenemWv hfcpXv. CXnem 6 Cn IqSpX \new CftWvS Bhiyan. IpgnsbSpv \So hj Imev shw sIn \np Nobm\nSbmIpw. AXpsImWvSv \ncmbv an \SpIbmWv \Xv.

Xmp acns Nphnse taav amn AXn\pnembn XWvSv \nt]nv _mn XWvSv actfmSp tNv sIWw. \ DS Nphn Icnbnetbm Nhtdm D]tbmKnv ]pXbnSWw. av hcWvSXmsWn sNdnb tXmXn PetkN\w \IpXv XWvSpI t\Kw ]nSnp InpXn\p klmbnpw. thcp ]nSnpXn\pw apf s]mpXn\pw Hp cWvSp amkw thWvSn hcpw.

]cnNcWw

BgvNbnsemcn hm\ne tXmn ]cnNcWw BhiyamWv. tXmn IfI \ow sNptXmsSmw ]pXbnS, hnI sInbpdn, IpdpsI ]S, Bhiyanm XepI apdnp am, XW {IaoIcWw Fnh BhiyamWv.