^ekar²nbpambn ]mXtbmc§fn hnekp¶ Cehpac§Ä sImSnb th\ense
hgntbmc¡mgnNbmWv. t^mw sa¯IfpsS D]tbmKw Zn\w{]Xn hÀ[n¡p¶pWvsS¦nepw
BtcmKy]camb ImcW§Ä ]ªnsa¯bv¡v C¶pw {]nbwXs¶. t^mw sa¯¡fpsShne
Bbncw apXÂ tatem«p t]mIpt¼mÄ ]{´WvSv Intem{Kmw Xq¡apÅ
bp²amb ]ªn \nd¨ \meSnsa¯bv¡v hne 1650
cq]tbmfamWv.
Hcp Intem{Kmw Xq¡apÅ XebW¡v 160
cq]bpw. ISsªSp¯ Hcp
Intem{Kmw shdpw ]ªn¡pam{Xw 80 apXÂ
110 cq]hsc hnebpWvSv.F¶mÂ
GXv {]XnIqeImehØbnepw Hcp kwc£Whpw thWvSmsX IrXyambn
hnfhpXcp¶ Cehpac§sf Adnªpw AdnbmsXbpw \in¸n¡pIbmWv.
]WvsSms¡ ho«phf¸n ImWmambncp¶ Cu acs¯ AÔhnizmk§Äaqew
apdn¨pamddpIbmbncp¶p.
sX¡³ Atacn¡bn P³awsImWvSXpw amÂth kntb IpSpw_¯nÂ
s¸«Xpamb Cehnsâ imkv{X\maw t_mwhmIvkv ae_mdn¡w F¶mWv.
s]mXphmbn
kn¡v tIm«¬ F¶pw ska F¶pw Adnbs¸Sp¶p. shÅs¡«pÅ
{]tZi§sfmgnsI FÃmbnS¯pw Ch hfcpw.
\nXylcnX h\§fnepw ]pgtbmc§fnepw kar²amb hnfhpXcpw.
GXp ImemhØbnepw ]nSn¨p \n¡m\pÅ {]tXyI Ignhv CXn\pWvSv.
hfhpIfnÃmsX 30 aoddtdmfw Dbc¯n hfÀ¶v `qan¡v kam´cambn
aq¶p imJIÄ hn\ykn¨v hfcp¶
kz`mhamWnXn\v.
ImbvIÄ¡v
15 skâoaoddtdmfw \ofapÅ \mS³ C\hpw
30 skâoaoddtdmfw
\ofapÅ knwK¸qÀ C\hpamWv \½psS \m«n IWvSphcp¶Xv.
Unkw_dn Ce sImgnªv NnÃIfn \ndsb ]qhpIfpWvSmbn
Imbv¨v amÀ¨------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v--þ
--G{]n amkt¯msS hnfshSp¡mdmhpw.
CeIfpsS A`mh¯nepw ImbvIÄ ]mIamIm\pÅ DuÀÖw \ÂIm\pÅ
Icp¯v Cehpac¯nsâ sXmen¡pWvSv.
hn¯p]mIn InfnÀ¸n¨pw sIm¼pIp¯nbpw Cehp\Smw.
F{X henb imJbpw AtX]Sn apdn¨p\«mepw InfnÀ¯phcpsa¶pÅXv
CXnsâ khntijXbmWv.
]Xn\©v hÀjw {]mbapÅ ac§fpsS hn¯mWv ]mIm³ ]ddnbXv.
ImbvIÄ ]dn¨v Hcpamk¯n\Iw hnX¨ncn¡Ww.
G{]nen hn¯v tiJcn¨v an{inXw \nd¨ t]mfo_mKpIfn cWvSphn¯n«v
apS§msX PetkN\w \S¯Ww.
InfnÀ¯Xn\ptijw BtcmKyapÅ Hcp ssX \ndp¯n atddXns\
amddWw.
A©pamkw sImWvSv ssXbv¡v Ac aoddtdmfw Dbcw hcpw.
Chsb hcnIÄ X½n A©v aodddpw sNSnIÄ X½n \mev
aodddpw AIe¯n Ac aoddÀ kaNXpc¯n IpgnIsfSp¯v sPhhfhpw
taÂa®pw \nd¨v ag¡me¯v \Smw. knwK¸qÀ C\w
3-4
sImïn\Iw hnfhpXcpw. 6-7
hÀj¯n\p
tijw \Ã hnfhp e`n¡pw. sIm¼pIÄ
\«m ASp¯ hÀjw apX Imbv¨p XpS§pw.
{]mbtadpwtXmdpwImbvIfpsS F®hpw hÀ²n¡pw.
ap¸Xv hÀjImet¯mfw acw \ne\n¡pw.
Hcp ac¯n \n¶pw Aªqdp apX cWvSmbncw ImbvIÄ hsc
In«pw. {Iow\ndamIpt¼mÄ
ImbvIÄ ]dn¡mdmIpw. \¶mbn
DW§nb ImbvIÄ s]m«n¨m \mev ka`mK§fmbn ]nfcpw Imbv¡pÅnÂ
\ndsb ]ªnbn s]mXnª Idp¯ hn¯pIfpWvSv.
Hcp Imbn \n¶pw icmicn
8-10
{Kmw ]ªn In«pw.
Hcp sNehpanÃmsX Hcp BWvSn Hcp ac¯n \n¶pw {]mba\pkcn¨v
250 apXÂ
1000 cq]hsc BZmbw e`n¡pw.
hn¯nÂ
20-25
iXam\w F®bpWvSv.
CXv b{´§fpsS tXbvam\w Ipdbv¡phm\pw tkm¸p\nÀ½mW¯n\pw
{]tbmP\s¸Sp¶p. ]n®m¡v
Imen¯odd¡pw s\ÂIrjn¡pw D]tbmKn¡pw. CXnÂ
26.2
iXam\w amwkyhpw
7.5 iXam\w sImgp¸pw
3.6 iXmam\w ImÀt_msslt{Uddpw
6.1 iXmam\w addp kky aqeI§fpw AS§nbn«pWvSv.
Cehnsâ XSn¡v CuSpw Dd¸pw IpdhmWv.
ImXepanÃ. XSn D¸pshůn IpsdImew tISpIqSmsX Ccn¡p¶Xn\mÂ
aÕy_Ô\¯n\v s]m§pXSnbmbn D]tbmKn¡mdpWvSv. CXn\p]pdta t]¸À \nÀ½mW¯n\pw Xos¸«n, ]mbv¡nMv, s]«nIÄ,Ifn¸m«§Ä,
Sm\n³, Nmbw F¶nhbpsS \nÀ½mW¯n\pw CXp]tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p. Cehv kaqew Huj[tbmKyhpamWv.
thcv Acs¨Sp¯v \ocv {]taltcmK¯n\pw hbdnf¡¯n\pw
Huj[amWv. sXmen
aq{Xkw_Ôamb AkpJ§Ä¡pw OÀ±n ian¡m\pw Huj[amWv.
Id aq¶p apX Bdp{Kmw hsc ]men Ie¡n Znhkw aq¶p t\cw
tkhn¨m cà]n¯w ian¡pw. CfwImbvIÄ ]mIw sNbvXv `£ytbmKyam¡mw. hn¯v I¶pImenIÄ¡v Xoddbmbpw \ÂImw.
addv ]e kwØm\§fnepw tXm«aSnØm\¯n X\n hnfbmbpw tX¡v,
a«n apXembhbpsS IqsS an{inXhnfbmbpw Cehv IrjnsN¿p¶pWvSv.
tIcf¯n h\§fn Cehv hfcp¶pWvsS¦nepw \m«n³]pd§fnÂ
\n¶pw CXv A{]Xy£ambns¡mWvSncn¡pIbmWv. ]mgvØe§fnepw thentbmc§fnepw Cehv \«m Hcp ]cnNcWhpanÃmsX
th\ÂIme¯v \Ã BZmbw e`n¡pw.
hnhc§Ä¡v
IS¸mSv -
^mw C³^Àtaj³ _yqtdm, Xncph\´]pcw
