Im¸n¡rjnsb tZmjIcambn _m[n¡p¶ tcmK§sfbpw IoS§sfbpw Ipdn¨v t\m¡mw    

tcmK§fpsS Iq«¯n Gddhpw {i²bmIÀjn¡p¶Xpw Im¸n¡rjnbv¡v Gddhpw \mi\jvSw hcp¯p¶Xpw Ce¯pcp¼v, IcnwNob F¶o cWvSv IpanÄ tcmK§fmWv  

Ce¯pcp¼v tcmKw  

Im¸ns¨Snsb _m[n¡p¶ Gddhpw {][m\ tcmKamWv Ce¯pcp¼v. slaoenb hmkvddm{SnIvkv F¶v t]cmb IpanfmWv tcmKtlXp. Ad_n¡ Im¸nbn henb \miw hcp¯nhbv¡p¶p Cu tcmKw C´ybn BZyambn 1870  BWv tcJs¸Sp¯nbXv. B tcmKw \nan¯w Im¸nhnfhn 50 apX 60 iXam\w hsc \jvSw kw`hn¡mw  

tcmK_m[ CeIfn {]Xy£amIp¶p. CebpsS ASn`mK¯v sNdnb Cfwaª\ndapff ]pffn¡p¯pIÄ ImWp¶p. CXv {ItaW H¶v tNÀ¶v Ce sImgnbm\pw XpSÀ¨bmb CesImbnb sNSnbpsS XpSÀ¶pff hfÀ¨sbbpw hnfhns\bpw {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pI¿pw sN¿pw.  

tcmK_m[bv¡v km[yXbpff Øe§fn hfcp¶ Im¸ns¨SnIÄ¡v 0.5 iXam\w t_mÀtUm an{inXtam 0.03 iXam\w ¹mâv hmIvkv 20 C. kntbm hÀj¯n aq¶p {]mhiyambn Xfn¡pI. 0.5 iXam\w t_mÀtUm an{inXw s^{_phcn amÀ¨n ]qhncnbp¶Xn\v apt¼m ]qhncnªXn\v tijtam Xfn¡mw. Asæn ¹mâv hmIvkv 20 C. kn 0.03 iXam\w tabv PqWn ]qhncnbp¶Xn\v ap¼v ¹mâv hmIvtkm t_mÀtUm an{inXtam Pqsse BKkvddnse Hcp CS¡me kvt{] Abn Xfn¡mw. agbv¡v tijw sk]vddw_À HIvtSm_dn Hcp acp¶vXfn IqSn \S¯nbm Cu tcmK¯n \n¶pw sNSnIsf c£n¡m³ Ifnbpw  

IcnwNob  

icnbmb coXnbn shfn¨hpw hmbphpw IS¡m¯ CuÀ¸mwiw Im¸nt¯m«§fnemWv IcnwNob F¶ IpanÄ tcmKw Gsdbpw DWvSmIp¶Xv Ipanfnsâ D]{Zhw sImWvSv CeIfpw XWvSpw ImbIfpw Hs¡ Idp¯p Nobp¶p. Im¸nIÄ [mcmfambn sImgnbpI¿pw CesImgn¨n kw`hn¡pI¿pw sN¿p¶p. I\¯ \jvSw hcp¯nhbv¡p¶ tcmKw IqSnbmWv IcnwNobÂ.  

tcmmKkm[yXbpff {]tZi§en aghcp¶Xn\v ap¼pXs¶ Hcp iXam\w t_mÀtUm an{inXw sImWvSv \¶mbn Xfn¡Ww. tcmK_m[ ImWp¶ inJc§fpw addpw bYmkabw \o¡w sNbvXv I¯n¨v IfbpI Xs¶ thWw t_mÀtUm an{inXw Xfn hoWvSpw XpScmw.  

i{Xp]mWnIÄ  

Im¸nIrjnbv¡v D]{Zhw hcp¯p¶ {][m\ i{Xp]mWnIÄ shffap¯, Imbv¯pc¸³, NnÃXWvSv Xpc¸³, shff¯WvSv Xpc¸³, apª F¶nhbmWv.  

shffapª  

hb\m«nse Im¸nt¯m«§fn shffapª Hcp Øncw iey¡mc\mWv. ]q¦pe, Imbv, Ce, Cfw XWvSpIÄ F¶nhbn \n¶v \ocqddn IpSn¡p¶. X³\nan¯w ]qsam«pIfpw ImbvIfpw s]mgnbp¶p. th\¡me¯mWv apªieyw cq£amIp¶Xv. XW hfsc Ipdªvt]mb tXm«§fn apª_m[bv¡v km[yX IqSpw  

Ddp¼pIfmWv apªsb Hcp sNSnbn \n¶v asddmcp sNSnbntebv¡v sImWvSv t]mIp¶Xv. apª _m[n¨ sNSnIfn AXv {khn¡p¶p a[pckw IpSn¡m³ BWv. Ddp¼pIÄ AhtbmsSm¸w IqSp¶Xv. ChnsS Idp¯ Hcp Xcw Ipanfpw ]ddn¡qSpw.  

tXm«¯n Bhiy¯n\v XW \ÂIpI F¶XmWv {][m\ IoS\nb{´W amÀ¤w apª_m[ XSbm³ BZyw Ddp¼pIsf \in¸n¡Ww. CXn\v ame¯tbm¬ 5 iXam\w, Izn\mÂt^mkv 1.5 iXam\w F¶nhbnsem¶v Ddp¼pff Im¸nbpsSbpw XWÂac§fpsSbpw Nph«n hnXdWw. IoS_m[bpff sNSnIfn F¡meIvkv 25 C. kn (300 anÃn) t^mfn¯ntbm¬ 50 C, kn (300 anÃn) F¶nhbnsem¶v 200 enddÀ shff¯n 200 anÃn enddÀ ]ibpw tNÀ¯v \¶mbn Ie¡nXfn¡Ww. thcn apª_m[bpsWvS¶v kwibn¡p¶psh¦n Cu acp¶v CtXbfhn thcv \\b¯¡h®w Hgn¨v sImSp¯m aXn.  

ImbvXpc¸³  

XW IqSpXepff tXm«§fnemWv Imbv¯pc¸sâ D]{Zhw cq£ambnImWp¶Xv. {]tXyIn¨v tdm_kvddm Im¸nbnemWv CXnsâ ieyw A[nIamIp¶Xv. ]cn¸pd¨ Im¸nbn Xpc¦apWvSm¡n ap«bnSp¶p. ap« hncnªnd§p¶ ]pgp Xpc¦§fpWvSm¡n Dffnse ]cn¸v Xn¶v Pohn¡p¶p.  

hnfshSp¸v IrXykab¯v \S¯pI, ]qÀWambpw \S¯pI, sNSnbntem \net¯m hnfª ImbvIÄ \nÀ¯mXncn¡pI F¶nhbmWv {][m\ tcmK\nb{´W \S]Sn. Xmsg hoWvInS¡p¶ Im¸n¡mbvIÄ ]qÀWambpw s]dp¡nsbSp¯v \in¸n¡Ww. IoS\min\n {]tbmKw Bhiysa¦n F³tUmkÄ^m³ 35 C. kn (340 anÃn) 200 enddÀ shff¯n 200 anÃn ]ibpw tNÀ¯v IoS_m[bpff sNSnIfn am{Xw kvt{]bÀ D]tbmKn¨v Xfn¡Ww.  

Nnà XWvSpXpc¸³  

tdm_kvsddbmWv Nnà XWvSvXpc¸³ {][m\ambpw D]{Zhn¡p¶Xv. s]¬ hWvSpIÄ CfwXWvSpIÄ Xpc¶v ap«bnSp¶p. XWvSpIÄ DW§p¶p.sNSnIfpsS hfÀ¨ apcSn¡p¶p. sk]vddw_À-þHIvtSm_À amk§fnemWv ChbpsS B{IaWw IqSpXembn ImWp¶Xv.  

XW Bhiy¯n\v \nb{´n¨v \nÀ¯nbpw \oÀhmÀ¨m kuIcyw hÀ²n¸n¡pI¿pw IoSieyw \nb{´n¡mw.  

shff¯WvSpXpc¸³  

Ad_n¡sbbmWv shff¯WvSvXpc¸³ Gsd D]{Zhn¡p¶Xmbn IWvSncn¡p¶Xv. G{]nÂþ tabv, HIvtSm_Àþ Unkw_À F¶o amk§fnemWv ChbpsS B{IaWw cq£amIpI. s]¬ hWvSv Xmbv¯SnbpsSbpw imJIfpsSbpw hnffepIfnepw addpwap«IfnSpw. ap«hncnªnd§p¶ ]pgp XSnbn Xpc¦§fpWvSm¡p¶p. {ItaW sNSn hmSm\pw DW§m\pw XpS§p¶p.  

XW {IaoIcn¡pI, IoS_m[bpff sNSnIÄ sh«n \in¸n¡pI F¶nhbmWv {]mYanI \nb{´W hn[nIÄ. XSnbn Np®m¼v]it]mem¡n tX¨v ]nSn¸n¨m IoS_m[ Ipdbv¡mw. G{]n tabv amk§fn en³tU³ 20 C. kn, 1300 anÃn enddÀ shff¯n tNÀ¯v 200 enddÀ ]ibpambn IeÀ¯n {][m\ XSnbnepw imJIfnepw tX¨v ]nSn¸n¡pItbm Xfn¡pItbmsN¿mw ths¸® Xfn¡p¶Xpw \ÃXmWv.  

apªIÄ  

apª cWvSv XcapWvSv. Cfw ]¨ \ndapff ]¨apªbpw Xhn«v \ndapff, Xhn«v apªbpw. th\ Ime¯mWv ChbpsS D]{Zhw cq£amIp¶Xv. Ch sNSnIfpsS arZpe `mK§fn \n¶v \ocqddnIpSn¡p¶p. A§s\ sNSnIÄ £oWn¡p¶p.  

t\cs¯ kqNn¸n¨Xv t]mse Ddp¼pIfmWv apªbpsS hmlIÀ. AXn\m Ddp¼n³ IqSpIÄ \in¸n¡Ww. Xhn«v apªsb \nb{´n¡m³ F¡meIvkv 25 C. kn (300 anÃn) t^mfn¯ntbm¬ 50 C. kn (300 anÃn) F¶nhbmWv 200 enddÀ shff¯n 200 anÃn ]ibpw kvt{]bÀ D]tbmKn¨v Xfn¡Ww.  

]¨apªsb \nb{´n¡m³ F¡meIvkv 25 C. kn (120 anÃn) t^mfn¯ntbm¬ 50 C. kn (100 anÃn) Chbnsem¶v 200 enddÀ anÃn ]ibpw tNÀ¯v Xfn¡pI.