tIchr£s¯ B{Ian¡p¶ IoS§fn {][m\n sIm¼³ sNÃnbmWv. CXnsâ B{IaWw aqeapÅ \jvSw tIcIÀjIsc hfscb[nIw hnjan¸n¡p¶pWvSv. sX§nsâ Imbv^ew KWyambn Ipdbp¶p.  

Ch {][m\ambpw B{Ian¡p¶Xv sX§nsâ \mt¼meIsfbpw Cfw Iq¼pIsfbpamWv. Cu IoSw hfÀ¶p hcp¶ \mt¼meIÄ hZ\`mKw D]tbmKn¨v NX¨v \ocqddn¡pSn¨v Xn¶v Xmtg¡v Xpf¨nd§p¶p. Nnet¸mÄ Ch N¦v AYhm Ipc `mKt¯¡v F¯pIbpw sX§ns\ ]qÀ®ambpw \in¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. ChbpsS B{IaWw aqeaqWvSmIp¶ tISpIfnte¡v sN¼³sNÃn BIÀjn¡s¸SpIbpw Ah AhnsS ap«bn«v s]cpIpIbpw sN¿p¶p. \mt¼meIfn DWvSm¡p¶ B{IaWw aqew IpeIÄ¡v \miw hcp¯pIbpw Imbv^ew IpdbpIbpw sN¿p¶p.  

Cu IoS¯nsâ {]mb]qÀ¯nsb¯nb hWvSpIfmWv. \miw hcp¯p¶Xv. Ch ap«bnSp¶Xv NmWI¡pgnIfnepw Ad¡s¸mSnbnepw hf¡pgnbnepw {Zhn¨pXpS§nb sX§n³XSnbnepamWv. sIm¼³sNÃn Hcp kabw 108 Hmfw ap«bnSpw. Ah Znhk§Ä¡pÅn hncnªv ]pgp¡fmIpw. Cu ]pgp¡Ä NoªgpIp¶ hkvXp¡Ä Ign¨v hfcp¶p. ]qÀW hfÀ¨sb¯phm³ 108 Znhkw FSp¡pw. hfÀ¨bn \mev ZiIÄ DWvSv. ap«, ]qgp, kam[n, ]qÀWhfÀ¨sb¯nb hWvSv F¶n§s\.  hfÀ¨sb¯nb hWvSv sX§ns\ B{ibn¨mWv Pohn¡p¶Xv.  

Cu hWvSpIsf \in¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn \nch[n amÀK§fpWvSv. B{Ian¨ `mK¯v sNÃnt¡m IS¯n DÅnencn¡p¶ hWvSns\ Ip¯n ]pds¯Sp¡mw. sX§nsâ Gddhpw apIfnepÅ IhnfpIÄ¡nSbn Ncepw _n. F¨v.kn an{inXhpw CSpIbmWv atämcp amÀKw. CXv hWvSpIfpsS B{IaWs¯ XSbphm³ klmbn¡p¶p. ]pgp¡sf sImÃm³ thWvSn NmWI¡pgnIfnepw hf¡pgnIfnepw _n.F¨v.kn Xfn¡p¶XmWv aq¶mas¯ amÀKw. IoS\min\nIfpsS A\nb{´nXamb D]tbmKwaqew Cu IoS§Ä¡v {]Xntcm[ iàn ssIhcpIbpw {]IrXnbnepÅ D]ImcnIfmb addp IoS§Ä \in¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.  Cu kmlNcy¯nemWv ssPhoI \nb{´W¯n\v {]kàntbdp¶Xv.  

{]IrXnbn Xs¶ Chbv¡v \nch[n i{Xp¡Ä DWvSv. FXnÀ{]mWnIÄ, kq£amWp¡Ä XpS§nbh. FXnÀ{]mWnIsf¡mÄ Imcy£aX kq£vamWp¡Ä¡msW¶v ]co£W§Ä sXfnbn¨n«pWvSv. CXn {][m\s¸«h _m¡ptem sshdkpw saddssdknbw Ass\tkm¹nb F¶ ^wKkpamWv.  

_m¡ptem sshdkv sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS ]pgp¡fnepw hWvSpIfnepw tcmK_m[bpWvSm¡p¶p. CXv {][m\ambpw ChbpsSIpSens\bmWv _m[n¡p¶Xv. Cu sshdkv IpSenepÅ F¸n¯nenb³ tImi§sf B{Ian¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p. Cu tcmKw _m[n¨]qgp¡Ä 7-mw Znhkw apX AhbpsS ae¯nÂIqSn sshdkv ]qdt¯¡v Ifbp¶p. tcmKw _m[n¡m¯ ]qgp¡Ä sshdkv DÅ Cu aew `£n¡p¶tXmSpIqSn Ahsbbpw tcmKw_m[n¡p¶p. tcmK_m[tbdd ]qgp¡Ä 25-28 Znhk§Ä¡Iw N¯pt]mIp¶p.  hWvSpIfn tcmK_m[tb¡p¶Xv sshdkpff NmWI¡pgnIfn ap«bnSm³ hcpt¼mgmWv.  hWvSv PohnX ssZÀLyw IpdªXv 25-30 Znhk§Ä¡Iw N¯pt]mIpIbpw AXpt]mse Xs¶ Ch CSp¶ ap«bpsS F®hpw KWyambn Ipdbp¶p.  Cu kab¯n\Iw tcmKw ]IÀ¯p¶Xn Hcp {][m\ ]¦v hln¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.   

ChbpsS IpS ]cntim[n¨m ]m \nd¯nepff Hcp {ZmhIw \ndªncn¡p¶Xmbn ImWmw.  tcmK_m[tbdd ]pgphns\ hfsc s]s«¶v Xncn¨dnbmw.  Cu ]pgphnsâ ]pdw sagpInsâ \ndw Bbncn¡pw.  hWvSpIÄ {]hÀ¯\tijn Ipdªhbpambncn¡pw.   

_m¡ptem sshdknsâ {]IrXnbnepff hnXcWw tcmK_m[tbdd hWvSpIÄ aqew \S¡p¶p.  tcmK_m[tbdd hWvSpIÄ hf¡pgnIfnepw sX§nsâ aWvSbnepw addpw F¯pt¼mÄ AhbpsS ae¯n IqSn sshdkv hnXcWw km[yamIp¶p.  {]IrXnbnepff sshdknsâ hnXcW¯n\v 1015 hWvSpIsf tiJcn¨ tijw AhbpsS hmbnte¡v sshdkv Dff Hcp Xpffn {ZmhIw sImSp¡pItbm Asæn sshdkv {ZmhIw Hcp ]c¶ ]m{X¯n FSp¯ tijw hWvSpIsf Ahbn IqSn ]{´WvSv aWn¡qÀ kabw Cgbm³ A\phZn¡pItbm sN¿pI.  ]n¶oSv Chsb ]d¯n hnSpI.  C§s\ ]d¯n hnSp¶ hWvSpIÄ Ggmw Znhkw apX sshdkv hnXcWw \S¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.  sshdkv _m[n¨v hWvSpIfpsS F®w Ipdbp¶XpsImWvSv sX§n\v Ah hcp¯p¶ \miw kzm`mhnIambpw Ipdbp¶p. 

sshdkv {ZmhIw C§s\ X¿mdm¡mw.  tcmK_m[tbdd ]pgphnsâtbm hWvSnsâtbm IpS Ac¨v AXnte¡v  Aev]w shffw IqSn tNÀ¯m aXnbmIpw.  

e£Zzo]v kaql§fnepw tIcf¯nepw \S¯nbn«pff ]T\§Ä Cu sshdkpsImWvSv sIm¼³ sNÃnsb ^e{]Zambn \nb{´n¡mw F¶p sXfnbn¨n«pWvSv. 

sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS \nb{´W¯n\v D]tbmKn¡p¶ {][m\s¸« Hcp ^wKkmWv saddÀsseknbw Aantkmt¹bn AYhm {Ko³ akvIÀ ssU ^wKkv.  CXv 1879 apX {]mWnIfpsS \nb{´W¯n\v D]tbmKn¨p hcp¶p.  hnhn[ PmXnbnepff Cu ^wKknsâ B{IaWw ag¡me¯mWv IqSpXembn ImWs¸Sp¶Xv.  CuÀ¸apff A´co£hpw hfsc Ipdª NqSpw ChbpsS hfÀ¨bv¡v BhiyamWv.  Ch IqSpXembn ImWs¸Sp¶Xv a¬kq¬ ImemhØbnemWv.  Cu kab¯mWv sIm¼³ sNÃnbpsS B{IaWw DWvSmIp¶Xpw.  CuÀ¸clnXamb A´co£¯n ChbpsS B{IaWw IpdhmWv. 

  sIm¼³sNÃnbnepw ]pgphnepw Cu ^wKkv ]Icp¶Xv sXmen¸pd¯p IqSnbmWv.  {][m\ambpw ImepIfpsS aS¡pIfnepff t\À¯]mfnIfn IqSnbpw Zlt\{µnb§fpsS {]hÀ¯\w aqehpw BIp¶p.  Ch icoc¯n\pffn hfsc s]s«¶v hfÀ¶p \ndbp¶p.   N¯pIgnª ]pgp hfsc I«nbpffXmhpIbpw ]pdw `mKw ]¨ \ndapffXmhpIbpw sN¿p¶p.  hf¡pgnIfnepw {Zhn¨pt]mIp¶ XSnIfnepw addpw ChbpsS km¶n[yw IWvSphcp¶p. 

sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS \nb{´W¯n\v D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ sNehpIpdªXpw Ffp¸apfeXpamb cWvSp amÀ¤§Ä Xmsg hnhcn¡p¶p. 

1. ac¨o\nbpw XhnSpw ss\{SPsâ km¶n[y¯n\mbn DW¡aÕyw s]mSn¨Xpw tNÀ¯p thhn¨ an{inX¯n hfÀ¯nsbSp¡p¶ ^wKkv sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS \nb{´W¯n\v D]tbmKn¡mw. 

2. sIm{] hyhkmb¯nse D]tbmKiq\yamb tX§mshff¯n Cu ^wKkns\ hfÀ¯mw.   

Cu cWvSp hn[¯nepw ^wKkv DXv]mZn¸n¡phm³ Hcp km[mcW IÀjI\v km[n¡p¶XmWv.  

InfpÀ¯ [m\y§fmb tKmX¼v, _mÀen, s\Ãv apXembhbnepw Cu ^wKkv hfcp¶p.  Chbn ss\{SPsâ km¶n[yw DffXn\m ChtbmsSm¸w DW¡aÕyw tNÀt¡WvS BhiyanÃ.   

taev ]dª cWvSp IoS\min\nIfpw sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS {]P\\Øe¯v Xfn¨psImWvSpw sX§n³aWvS hr¯nbm¡Â, ]cnkcipNoIcWw F¶nhsImWvSpw sIm¼³sNÃnsb Hcp ]cn[nhsc \nb{´n¡msa¶v IWvSn«pWvSv.  C¯cw \nb{´WamÀ¤Ä D]tbmKn¡m³ IÀjIcpsS ]camh[n klIcWw BhiyamWv.  Ch aqew Øncamb Hcp \nb{´Ww sIm¼³sNÃnbpsS ta \ap¡v GÀs¸Sp¯m³ Ignbpw.