hnI-knX cmPy-§-fnse `£y D]-t`m-àm-¡Ä¡n-S-bnÂ
ssPh-Ir-jn-bn-eqsS DÂ]m-Zn-¸n¨ D¸-¶-§Ä¡pw `£y -h-kvXp-¡Ä¡pw
Bh-iy-IX Gdn-h-cp-I-bmWv. cmk-IoS IpanÄ\m-in-\n-IÄ, hf-§Ä
apX-em-bh ]e-Xcw Btcm-Ky -{]-iv\-§fpw ]cn-ØnXn {]iv\-§fpw
krjvSn-¡p-¶p. Ch-bpsS D]-tbmKw Hgn-hm¡n {]Ir-Xn-Z-¯-amb
hkvXp-¡-fp-]-tbm-Kn¨v ssPh-IrjncoXn Ah-ew-_n-t¡WvSXnsâ
Bh-iy-IX Ct¸mÄ ]cs¡ AwKo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«n-«pWvSv.
Ipcp-ap-fIpw C©nbpw Ign-ªmÂ
asämcp {][m-\-s¸« kpK-Ô-hy-RvP\ hnf-bmWv aªÄ. C´y-bnÂ
hÀjw tXmdpw icm-icn Hcp-e-£¯n aqhm-bncw slIvSÀ Øe¯v aªÄ
Irjn-bn sNbvXp hcp-¶p. temI-cm-jv{S-§-fn C´y-bmWv aªÄIr-jn-bnÂ
ap³]-´n-bn \n¡p-¶-Xv. NqSp-f-fXpw A´-co£ CuÀ¸hpw
agbpw e`n-¡p¶ Imemh-Ø-bm-Wv aª-fn\v D¯-aw. \Sp¶ ka-b¯v
anX-ambpw hf-cp¶ ka-b¯v kar-²-ambpw ag thWw. \Ã hf-¡q-dp-ff
]in-a-cmin a®mWv aªfn\v Gd-dhpw tbmPn-¨-Xv. shf-fw-sI-«n-
\n¡p-¶Xv aª-fn\v lm\n-I-c-amWv. X\n-hn-f-bmbpw CS-hn-f-bmbpw
aªÄ Irjn sN¿mw F¶m CS-hn-f-bmbn aªÄ Irjn sN¿p-t¼mÄ
B Irjn-bn-S-¯n \«n-cn-¡p¶ FÃm hnf-I-fnepw ssPh-Irjn
coXn ]men-t¡-WvS-Xp-WvSv.
aªfnsâ {]I-µ-§-fmWv hn¯mbn
D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xv. IoS-tcm-K-_m-[-bn-Ãm-¯Xpw
ssPh-Ir-jn-coXnbneqsS D¸m-Zn-¸n -s¨-Sp-¯-Xp-amb hn¯mWv \Sm-\mbn
sXsc-sª-Sp-t¡-WvSXv. ssPh-Ir-jn-co-Xn-bn D¸m-Zn-¸n¨ hn¯v
e`n-¡m¯ ]£w km[m-c-W-Ir-jn-bn-S-§-fn \n¶pw e`n-¡p¶ hn¯p-]-tbm-Kn¡mw.
hn¯n apf-IÄ Ipd-hm-sW-¦n \\ª ssht¡m sImWvSp apSn \Ã-h®w
apf-¸n-s¨-Sp-¯-Xn\v tijw \Sp-¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡pw- \-ÃXv.
Hcp aoddÀ hoXn-bnepw
15
skâoaoddÀ
Db-c-¯nepw kuI-cy-{]-Z-amb \of-¯nepw hmc-§Ä X¿m-dm-¡Ww
hmc-§Ä X½n Npcp§n-bXv Ac-ao-d-dÀ AI-e-aqWvSmbn-cn-¡-Ww.
CXv \oÀhmÀNbv¡v AXym-h-iy-amWv. aq¶p aod-dÀ \ofhpw Hcp
aoddÀ hoXn-bp-ap-ff Hcp hmcw \Sm³ GI-tZiw
750
{Kmw apXÂ Hcp
Intem{Kmw hsc \So hkvXp thWvSn-h-cpw.
slIvS-sdm-¶n\v
40
Ss®¶
tXmXn Imen-h-ftam It¼m-kvv-tddm ASn-h-f-ambn tNÀ¯p-sIm-Sp-¡-Ww.
hmc-§-fnÂ
25*25 skâo-ao-ddÀ AIe-¯n sNdp-Ip-gn-I-sf-Sp¯v
aªÄ hn¯v \SWw. \Sp¶ ka-b¯v 25 {Kmw s]mSn¨ th¸n³ ]n®m¡v
Hmtcm Ipgn-bn-ep-an-«-tijw a®p-ambn Iq«n-¡-eÀ¯-Ww. AXn\v
tijw hn¯vIp-gn-bn \Smw, \Ã-Xvt]mse Agp-Inb Imen-h-f-¯ntem
It¼m-kn-ddntem Hcp S®n\v Hcp Intem{Kmw F¶ tXmXn ss{St¡m
sUÀa IeÀ¯n-b-tijw
10
{Kmw F¶ tXmXn Hmtcm Ipgn-bn-ep-an-«-Xn\v
tijw Can-Ip-IÄ X«n Ipgn aqS-Ww. \« DSs\ Xs¶ Hcp slIvS-dn\v
15 S¬ F¶ tXmXn ]¨n-etbm Icn-bn-etbm D]-tbm-Kn¨v hmc-§-fnÂ
]pX-bn-SWw. aªÄ \Ã-Xvt]mse InfnÀ¯p hcp-¶-Xn\pw ag-k-a-b¯v
as®m-en¸v XS-bp-¶-Xn\pw ]pX-bn-Sp-¶Xv klm-bn¡pw. 50 Znh-k-¯n\v
tijw Hcp- sl-IvS-dn\v
15
S¬ F¶ tXmXn hoWvSpw ]pX-bp-S-Ww.
Hmtcm ]pX-bn-S-en\v tijhpw hmc-§-fn NmW-I-Ip-g¼v Hgn-¡Ww,
C§s\ sN¿p-¶Xp hgn kq£vam-Wp-¡-fpsS {]hÀ¯\w hÀ²n-¡p-I¿pw,
t]mj-I-e-`yX IqSp-I-bpw -sN¿pw, I-f-IÄ hcp-¶-Xn-\\p-k-cn¨v
Ah \o¡w sN¿Ww C§s\ \o¡w-sN-bvX- I-f-IÄ ]pX-bn-Sp-¶-Xn-\mbn
D]-tbm-Kn¡mw.
ssPh-Ir-jn-coXn
Ah-ew-_n-¡p-t¼mÄ IoS-\m-in-\n-IÄ D]-tbm-Kn-¡m³]m-SnÃ. XWvSp-Xp-c-¸sâ
B{I-aWw DsWvS-¦n B sNSn-IÄ apdn¨v ]pgp-hns\ FSp-¯p-am-ddn
]pgp-hns\ \in-¸n-¡Ww. Bh-iy-sa-¦nÂ
0.5
iX-am\w hocy-ap-ff
ths¸® ]Xn-\©v Znh-k-¯n-sem-cn-¡Â Xfn-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡Ww.
aª-fnsâ C\-a-\p-k-cn¨v
7
apXÂ
9
amkw hsc-bp-ff Ime-b-f-hn hnf-se-Sp¡mw Ce-Ifpw XWvSp-Ifpw
Icn-ªp -W-§n-bm aªÄ ]dn-s¨-Sp¡mw. hnf-sh-Sp-¯-tijw a®pw
thcpw \o¡n aªÄ kw`-cn-¨p-sh-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv.
aªÄ
kwkvI-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\p thWvSn bmsXmcp cmkhkvXp-¡fpw tNÀ¡m³ ]mSnÃ.
ip²-PeamWv aªÄ Xnf-¸n-¡m-\p-]-tbm-Kn-t¡m-WvSXv. sNt¼m \mI-X-IntSm
sImWvSp-ff ]m{Xtam a¬]m-{Xtam aªÄ Xnf-¸n-¡m-\p--]-tbm-Kn¡mw.
aªÄ aqSp-¶Xp hsc shf-f-sam-gn¨v
45
apXÂ
60
an\n«p t\cw
Xnf-¸n-¡Ww. aªÄ ]dn-s¨-Sp-¯- tijw
2-3
Znh-k-¯n-\p-f-fnÂ
Xs¶ hm«n-sb-Sp-t¡-WvS-Xm-Wv. C§s\ thhn-s¨-Sp¯ aªÄ
5
apXÂ
7
skâo aod-dÀ I\-¯n knaâv Xd-bn \nc¯n shbn-e-¯p-W-¡n-sb-Sp-¡Ww.
cm{Xn ka-b¯v aªÄ Iq\-¡q«n sh¡Ww.
10
apXÂ
15
Znh-k-¯n-\p-f-fnÂ
aªÄ DW-§n-¡n«pw. C§s\ DW-¡n-sb-Sp-¡p¶ aªÄ ]cp-]-cp-¯Xpw
\ndw Ipd-ª-Xp-am-bn-cn¡pw. b{´ap]-tbm-Knt¨m AsÃ-¦nÂ
ssIsImtWvSm Ahsb an\p-k-s¸-Sp-¯n-sb-Sp-¡m-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. ]¯v
Intem{Kmw ]¨aªÄ kwkvI-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ GXmWvSv cWvSv ctWvS-ImÂ
Intem{Kmw aªÄ e`n-¡pw.
aªÄ
Ib-d-dp-aXn {]m[m-\y-ta-dnb Hcp¸¶w IqSn-bm-b-Xn-\mÂ
IqSp-XÂ hntZ-i-\mWyw e`n-¡p-¶-Xn-\mbn ssPhIrjnco-Xn-bn-eqsS
aªfnsâ KpWw hÀ²n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p-ff \S-]-Sn-IÄ IÀj-I-cpsS
`mK-¯p- \n-¶p-WvSm-I-Ww.
hnhc§Ä¡v
IS¸mSv -
^mw C³^Àtaj³ _yqtdm, Xncph\´]pcw
