BbpÀthZ¯n DZctcmK§Ä¡pw, Pzc¯n\pw, kv{XotcmK§Ä¡pw, iniptcmK§Ä¡pw D]tbmKn¡p¶ ap¯§ kkyimkv{X¯n ssk¸tdkntb IpSpw_mwKamb ssk¸odkv sdm«q³Ukveo³ F¶ Huj[kkyamWv. Cw¥ojv t]cv \«v{Kmkv. IqSpX {]NmcapÅ kwkvIrX\ma§Ä apkvXI, hmcnP, apkvXm, PePw, Pe[cw, Aw_p[mcw, ]tbm[cw, Ipcphnµ, IpcphnµymJym F¶nhbmWv.  sNdpap¯§, Ipgn ap¯§ F¶n§s\ cWvSpXcw ap¯§IÄ BbqÀthZmNmcy·mÀ hnhcn¡p¶pWvSv.  Xangv\m«n [mcmfapÅ ssk¸odkv _Ät_mkkmWv Ipgnap¯§. ap¯§¡ng§nse {][m\ cmkkwbpà§Ä ss{Sddotdm]ot\mbvUv, Hmenbt\mfnIv BknUpw AXnsâ ¥okssdUpIfpw _oddmkntÌmÌntdmÄ, BÂ^m B³Uv _oddm sdSyqt\mÄ, ssk]tdmSyq¬tUm¬, tIm_ptkm¬, sFtkmtIm_ptkm¬ apXembhbmWv.  H¸w A¶Pw, kpKÔssXew, sdkn³ apXembhbpw. 

Huj[{]tbmK§Ä-DZctcmK NnInÕbn  

         AXnkmc¯n\pw hbdpISn¡pw ap¯§ kn²uj[amWv. AXnkmc¯n\v ap¯§¡ng§v samcn Ifªv 50 {Kmw NX¨v Hcp I¸v B«n³]mepw aq¶p I¸p shÅhpw tNÀ¯v Ipdp¡n ]ngnªcn¨p Ign¡pI. 

thZ\tbmSp IqSnb BamXnkmc¯n\v 20 ap¯§ NX¨n«v IW¡\pkcn¨v ]mepw shÅhpw tNÀ¯v Im¨n hddn¨p tkhn¡pI.  km[mcW hbdnf¡w \n¡p¶Xn\v A©p {Kmw hoXw ap¯§¡ng§v, shfp¯pÅn, Xp¼¸qhv F¶nh NX¨p ]menen«p Xnf¸n¨v ]©kmc tNÀ¯v Znhkw aq¶p t\cw Ign¡pI.  ap¯§ Ijmbw h¨p AXnhnSbw tas¼mSn tNÀ¯p tkhn¡p¶XmWv asddmcp {]Xnhn[n. kl{ktbmK hn[nb\pkcn¨v Cu Ijmbw tX³ tNÀ¯pw tkhn¡mw.  FÃmhn[ AXnkmc¯n\pw hn[n¨n«pÅ apkvXIcRvPmXn¡jmb¯n ap¯§tbmsSm¸w ]p§n³ sXmen, AXnhnSbw, sImSpthen¡ng§v, Iqhf¯n³thcv, Np¡v, Im«pXn¸en thcv, IpSI¸mebcn F¶nhbpw tNÀ¡p¶p.  ap¯§¡jmb¯n shfp¯pÅn NX¨n«pw tkhn¡mw.  ap¯§\ocn tX³ tNÀ¯p tkhn¨mepw AXnkmcw ian¡pw. hbdnf¡¯n\pw hbdpISn¡pw ap¯§¡ng§v DW¡ns¸mSn¨Xv H¶p apX aq¶p{Kmw hsc Znhkw aq¶pt\cw tX³ tNÀ¯p Ign¡p¶Xpw ^e{]ZamWv. {]hmlnI AYhm ap¡Â amdm³ ap¯§bpw Aap¡pcphpw tNÀ¯p s]mSn¨p tX\n Nmen¨p tkhn¡pI. 

iàntbdnb càmXnkmchpw an¡ DZctcmK§fpw ian¡m³ \à ap¯§ NX¨v \menc«n shÅw tNÀ¯v ]men thhn¨p ]ngnsªSp¯ ]m¡jmbw tX³ tNÀ¯p tkhn¡pI. (tbmKmarXw NnInÕmaRvPcn). ]n¯mXnkmc¯n\v ap¯§¡jmbw ]m tNÀ¯p sImSp¡pI. ap¯§, Ijmbw h¨p tX³ tNÀ¯p sImSp¡pItbm ap¯§, D§n³sXmen, Np¡v Ch sImWvSpÅ Ijmbw Xn¸enbn«v sImSp¡pItbm sNbvXm I^mXnkmcw, {KlWn, ASnhbÀ hoÀ¡Â Ch ian¡pw. (NnInÕmaRvPcn). ap¯§¡ng§v, ]mS¡ng§v, IpSI¸mebcn, AXnhnSbw, aªÄ, acaªÄ Ch s]mSn¨p tX\n Ipg¨p tkhn¨m Nfn t]mIp¶ AXnkmcw ian¡pw.  {KlWn AYhm Zl\t¡Sp sImWvSpWvSmIp¶ Hgn¨n ian¡m³, cWvSp {Kmw ap¯§s¸mSn aq¶pt\cw tX\n Nmen¨p tkhn¡pI.  ap¯§tbmsSm¸w Iqhf¯n³ thcpw am´fncpw IpSI¸mebcnbpw kaw NX¨p IngnsI«n B«n³]menen«p Im¨n¡pSn¡pI. ap¯§bpw C©nbpw Ac¨p tX\n Nmen¨p Ign¨m an¡ DZctcmK§fpw ian¡pw. APoÀWw amdm³ A©p{Kmw ap¯§¡ng§ps]mSn tXt\m, ]mtem ]©kmctbm tNÀ¯v ]Xnhmbn tkhn¡pI. 

Pzckwlmcn  

]men ap¯§ Ac¨p Ie¡n tkhn¨m km[mcW ]\n ian¡pw. GXp ]\n¡pw ap¯§¡ng§pw ]À¸SI¸pÃpw Np¡pw cWvSc cq]m¯q¡w hoXw H¶cbnS§gn shůn Ijmbw h¨p 1.5 Hu¬kv hoXw FSp¯v tKmtcmN\mZn KpfnI Ac¨p tNÀ¯v Znhkw 3-4 XhW tkhn¡pI. I^Pzc¯n\p ap¯§tbmsSm¸w IpSI¸mebcn, {Xn^e, ISpIptcmlnWn, Nnddo´Âthcv F¶nh tNÀ¯v apkvXmZn¡jmbw DWvSm¡n Ign¡pI (kl{ktbmKw). hmXPzcw amdm³ ap¯§bpw NnddarXpw kaw tNÀ¯v Ijmbw h¨p sImSp¡pI ([\z´cw). 

_metcmK, kv{XotcmK NnInÕbn  

kv{XoIfpsS shÅt]m¡v (AØn{kmhw) amdm³, IgpIn NpcWvSn Acnªp NX¨ 15 {Kmw ap¯§¡ng§pw IgpInbcnªp NX¨ 15 {Kmw \ne¸\¡ng§pw IqSn IngnsI«n 120 anÃn ]iphn³]mepw 480 anÃn shÅhpw tNÀ¯v an{inX¯nen«p Im¨n hddn¨v 120 anÃnbmIpt¼mÄ Ingn]ngnªv tNÀ¯v Znhkw aq¶pt\cw cWvSmgvN tkhn¡pI. ape¸m hÀ[n¡m\pw ape¸mense Zqjy§Ä amdm\pw ap¯§ sh®t]mse Ac¨p kvX\§fn ]pc«pI. kvX\\oÀs¡«pw ]gp¸pw ian¡m³ ap¯§¡ng§pw ]mS¡ng§pw kaw FSp¯p Ijmbw h¨p cmhnsebpw sshIn«pw cWvSmgvN tkhn¡pI. KÀ`nWnIfpsS ]\n amdm³ ap¯§, Nµ\w, ]p¯cn¨pWvS thcv Ch kaw Ijmbw h¨v ]©kmcbpw PocIhpw tas¼mSn tNÀ¯p tkhn¡pI. Ipªp§fpsS càmXnkmcw ian¡m³ ap¯§ ape¸men Ac¨p ]e {]mhiyw sImSp¡pItbm apkvXmcnjvSw \ÂIpItbm sN¿pI. Bhiy¯n\p ape¸m e`n¡msX hbdp hoÀ¯v Hgn¨nepWvSmbm ap¯§ NX¨n«p B«n³]m Im¨ns¡mSp¡pI. ap¯§ ]¨shůn sXm«c¨p sImSp¯m Ipªp§fpsS hncieyw amdpw. ap¯§bpw ]¨aªfpw shÅw tNÀ¡msX Ac¨v Znhkw cWvSpXhW ]pc«nbm Ic¸³ kpJs¸Spw. Ip«nIfpsS ]\n ian¡m³ DW¡ns¸mSn¨ ap¯§bpw ]À¸SI¸pÃpw H¶p cWvSp {Kmw hoXw ape¸men Nmen¨p Znhkw \mepXhW sImSp¡pI. 

]ehn[ tcmKw - NnInÕbn  

ap¯§ Ac¨p tamcn Nmen¨p ]pc«nbm {hW§fpw Ipcp¡fpw ian¡pw. ap¯§ NX¨n«p Im¨nb F® apSns]mgn¨n XSbpw. apSn h«w h«ambn s]mgnbp¶Xp XSbm³ A©p {Kmw hoXw ap¯§bpw th¸nebpw Ac¨p 60 anÃn shfns¨®bn aq¸n¨p apSn t]mbnS¯p ]I kab¯pw kÔybv¡p Ipfn Ignªpw ]pc«n, InS¡m³ t\cw XpS¨p IfbpI. 30 Znhkw sImWvSp apSn InfnÀ¡pw. Fenhnjw ian¡m³ ap¯§bpw sNdpNocbpw XgpXma thcpw ]men Ac¨p tkhn¡pI (kl{ktbmKw).  ap¯§bpw hnjvW{Im´nbpw Xpey Afhn Ijmbw h¨p tkhn¡pIbpw ]pfn hÀPn¡pIbpw sNbvXm BkvXva ian¡pw. tcmK\nebn F¯nb ip¢{kmhw ian¡m³ ap¯§bpw \ne¸\¡ng§pw Ac¨p ]men tkhn¡pI (tbmKmarXw).  Npa amdm³ sNdptX\n ap¯§¡ng§v Ac¨v cWvSpt\cw tkhn¡pI. apSn hfcm³-ap¯§, tZhXmcw Ch Iq«nbc¨p Xebn tXbv¡pI. ap¯§ hdp¯ps]mSn¨Xp IptdsÈ Ign¨m Npabpw I^s¡«pw amdpw. Nn¡³t]mIvkv h¶mepWvSmIp¶ ]mSpIÄ amdm³ ap¯§¡ng§pw ]¨aªfpw th¸nebpw shÅw tNÀ¡msX Ac¨p]pc«pI.