temI It¼mf¯n {]nbtadnhcp¶ {]tXyIbn\w apfImWv ]m{]n¡.
A´mcmjv{S kpKÔ hyRvP\hym]mcnIsf kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw FcnhnÃm¯Xpw
\Ã Nph¸v \ndw \ÂIp¶Xpamb apfIn\amWv ]m{]n¡.
apfIv DXv]mZ\¯nepw IbäpaXnbnepw Gähpw ap³]´nbn \n¡p¶
C´ybn Ct¸mgpw ]m{]n¡Irjn thWvS{X ]ptcmKan¨n«nà F¶Xv
tJZIcamWv. Hcp kpKÔhyRvP\w
F¶ \nebn am{XaÃ, ASp¡fbnte¡pÅ ]¨¡dn F¶ \nebnepw ]m{]n¡sb
D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mw. kpKÔhyÚ\ambn
D]tbmKn¡p¶ ]m{]n¡ ISpwNph¸p \nd¯nepÅ ImbvIÄ \ÂIp¶Xn\mÂ
DW¡ns¸mSn¨v ]m{]n¡ ]uUdmtbm CXn \n¶pw hmän FSp¡p¶
ssXeamtbm (Hentbmdkn³) A´mcmjv{S It¼mf¯n F¯n¡mw. F¶m ]¨¡dnbmbn D]tbmKn¡mhp¶ shPnä_nÄ ]m{]n¡ FcnhnÃm¯
kemUmbpw A¨mdmbpw amämhp¶XmWv.
kpKÔhyÚ\ambn D]tbmKn¡p¶ ]m{]n¡bn Xs¶ FcnhpÅXpw
Fcnhv CÃm¯Xpamb C\§Ä DWvSv.
I«nIpdª sXmenbpÅ ]m{]n¡bmWv hmWnPymSnØm\¯nÂ
IrjnsNt¿WvSXv. icnbmbcoXnbnÂ
DW¡nsbSp¡p¶Xn\v sXmenbpsS I«n {][m\LSIamWv.
Nph¶p ]gp¯ ImbvIÄ hn¯pIfpw XWvSpw \o¡wsNbvXtijw DW¡ns¸mSns¨Sp¡p¶
]m{]n¡]uUÀ, `£W]ZmÀY§Ä¡v \ndw \ÂIphm³ D]tbmKn¡p¶p. CXn \n¶v tkmÄhâv
FIvkv{Sm£³ hgn hmänsbSp¡p¶ Hfntbmdkn³ ISpwNph¸v \nd¯nepÅXpw,
Pe¯nepw kkyF®Ifnepw ebn¡p¶XpamWv.
kq¸v, tkmkv, A¨mdpIÄ, ^mÌv^pUv XpS§nbhbnsems¡ ]m{]n¡
Hgnhm¡m³ Ignbm¯ ]ZmÀYambn amdns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p.
kvs]bn³, samdmt¡m, sX¡³ Atacn¡, saIvknt¡m, Nnen, C´y,
C{kmtbÂ, lwKdn, ssN\, Z£nWm{^n¡ F¶o cmPy§fnemWv Ct¸mÄ ]m{]n¡IrjnbpÅXv.
C´ybn IÀWmSIw, A{Ôm{]tZiv F¶nhnS§fn ]m{]n¡ Irjn
t{]mÕmln¸n¡p¶Xn\mbn
1988- Xs¶ C´y³ ImÀjnI KthjW tI{µ¯nsâ t\XyXz¯n ]co£W§Ä
Bcw`n¨p. IbäpaXnsbbpw
C´y³ hn]Wnsbbpw e£yam¡n Irjn sN¿p¶Xn\v tbmPn¨ ]m{]n¡ C\§sf¡pdn¨pÅ
KthjW§Ä \S¶phcp¶p. ]m{]n¡bpsS
ISpwNph¸v \ndw, Fcnhnsâ tXmXv, DbÀ¶ DXv]mZ\£aX, I«nIpdª ]pdwsXmen,
Ipdª Pemwiw XpS§nb {]tXyIXIsfms¡ IW¡nseSp¯psImWvSv \S¯nb
KthjW¯nÂ
280 ]m{]n¡
C\§sf DÄs¸Sp¯nbncp¶p.
kt-p1-19 F¶ C\w Gähpw
A\ptbmPysa¶v IWvsS¯nbXns\ XpSÀ¶v ]m{]n¡Irjn¡p thWvSn Cu C\w
ip]mÀi sN¿s¸«p.
kt-p1-19 F¶ C\w Hcp aoätdmfw Dbc¯n hfcp¶Xpw, Hcp sNSnbn icmicn 55
apXÂ
59 hsc ImbvIÄ \ÂIp¶XpamWv.
Dt±iw
250-350
Iznâ hsc ]¨ ]m{]n¡ ImbvIÄ Hcp
slIvSdn \n¶pw e`n¡pw. ]m{]n¡Irjn¡v
thWvS amÀK\nÀtZi§Ä tImgnt¡m«pÅ sImt¡m, Ac¡\«v Bâv
kvss]kkv Uhe]vsaâv UbdIvStdän \n¶pw ]pd¯nd¡nbn«pWvSv.
]m{]n¡bpsS hfÀ¨bpsS BZyL«§fn iànbmbn s]¿p¶ ag,
Irjnsb tZmjIcambn _m[n¡pw.
C¯cw kµÀ`§fn ]m{]n¡bpsS H«pan¡ CeIfpw sImgnªp
t]mIp¶Xmbn
KthjW§Ä sXfnbn¡p¶p. kt-p1-19F¶
C\w 60 x 60 skâoaoäÀ
AIe¯n \SpIbpw, Hcp slIvSdn\v
2 S¬ F¶ tXmXn a®nc¡t¼mÌv,
150 Intem{Kmw ]mIyP\Iw F¶nh \ÂIpIbpw sNbvXt¸mÄ ]camh[n ImbvIÄ
e`n¨Xmbn ]co£W§fn \n¶pw Adnhmbn«pWvSv.
agsb B{ibn¨v C´ybn IrjnsN¿mhp¶ IÀWmSI¯nse _SIn ]m{]n¡
F¶ C\w sdbv¨qÀ, s_Ãmcn, lq_vfn, hcn, KpÂ_ÀK XpS§nb Øe§fnÂ
IrjnsN¿p¶pWvSv.
IrjncoXnIÄ
]m{]n¡ IrjnsN¿p¶Xn\v a®n AÂ]w DbÀ¶ XhmcWIÄ FSp¯v
hn¯pIÄ ]mtIWvSXmWv. ]dn¨p
\Sp¶Xn\v
ap³]v ssXIÄ Bhiy¯n\v ImTn\ys¸Spt¯ WvSXpWvSv (Hardening).
Bhiy¯ne[nIw cmkhf§Ä \ÂImXncn¡pI, IqSpX CuÀ¸w sI«n\n¡p¶
kmlNcyw Hgnhm¡pI XpS§nb Imcy§Ä Cu kab¯v {i²n¡Ww.
agsb B{ibn¨pÅ Irjnbn 90 x 90
skâoaoäÀ AIe¯nepw PetkN\w \ÂIp¶ Øe§fnÂ
75 x 45 skâoaoäÀ AIe¯nepw ]m{]n¡ \Smhp¶XmWv. Hcp slIvSdn\v
25
S¬ ssPhhfw,
100:75:50
Intem{Kmw F³.]n.sI.
e`n¡¯¡coXnbn cmkhf§fpw \ÂImw.
]qsImgn¨nepw ImbvsImgn¨nepw XSbp¶Xn\v ]q¡pt¼mgpw
ImbvIÄ ]nSn¡pt¼mgpw 150 ]n.]n.Fw Afhn F³.F.F. F¶ tlmÀtam¬
\ÂImhp¶XmWv. ssXIÄ ]dn¨p\«v
30-40
Znhk§Ä Ignbpt¼mÄ ss{Itkms]Àf F¶
an{XIoS¯nsâ (]mckntämbvUv)
2000
ap«IÄ AsænÂ
1000
emÀhIÄ
Hcp slIvSdn\v F¶ {Ia¯n Irjn.bnS¯n hnXdWw .
Cu ssPh\nb{´W coXnhgn ImbvXpc¸³]pgp¡Ä, aWvUcnIÄ, \ocqän¡pSn¡p¶
aäp sNdnb {]mWnIÄ XpS§nbhsb \nb{´n¡mhp¶XmWv.
i{XpIoS§sf Xpc¯p¶ asämcp an{XIoSamb ss{St¡m{Kma Hcp
slIvSdn\v 20,000
F®w F¶ tXmXnÂ
6
{]mhiyw D]tbmKn¡p¶Xn\pw
ip]mÀi sN¿s¸«ncn¡p¶p.
ImbvIÄ ]gp¡pt¼mÄ ImWs¸Sp¶ ]pÅn¡p¯n\v (B{´Ivt\mkv)
0.15þ0.20
iXam\w hocy¯n Inämkn³ F¶ IpanÄ\min\n Xfnt¡WvSXmWv.
Hcp Intem{Kmw ]m{]n¡ hn¯n\v
3
{Kmw _mhnÌn³ F¶ tXmXn hn¯nÂ
]pc«nbtijw hnXbv¡pIbmsW¦n ssXIfpsS Nob tcmKw \nb{´Whnt[bam¡mw.
DbÀ¶ NqSpw CuÀ¸hpw ]m{]n¡bpsS ISp¯\nd¯n\v ImcWamb
Im]vkm´n³ F¶ ]nsÜânsâ \mi¯n\v CSbm¡pwF¶Xn\m IrjnbnÂ
am{XaÃ, ImbvIÄ ]dns¨Sp¯ tijapÅ kwkvIcW {]{Inbbnepw
AXohPm{KX ]peÀt¯WvSXpWvSvv.
hnhc§Ä¡v
IS¸mSv -
^mw C³^Àtaj³ _yqtdm, Xncph\´]pcw
