KARSHIKA KERALAM

sXns sNoscmenv XSbm amKtfsd

      sXv Irjn sNp Fm cmPyfnepw ImWp {][m\ tcmKamWv sNoscmenv. (Stream bleeding). 1960- {ioebnemWv BZyambn Cu tcmKw IWvSvXv. Cybn sXpIrjnbp anhmdpw Fm kwm\fnepw Cu tcmKw IWvSp hcpp. 1999- eZzo]v HmUn\dn C\w sXn tcmKw ImWpIbpWvSmbn.

Fmcw anepw hfcp sXpIfn sNoscmenv IWvSphcpp. ISoc, Imbtemc, sN {]tZi FnhnSfn hfcp sXpIfnemWv Cu tcmKw IqSpXembn ImWpXv. Fm {]mbnep sXpIsfbpw Cu tcmKw _m[npp. t]cn\np Xs tcmKeWw GItZiw a\knemmw. sXnXSnbnep hnepIfn \nv ISpwNphp Ie Xhnp\ndnep {ZmhIw HenndpXmWv BZy tcmKeWw. {ItaW, Cs\ ]e hnepIfn \npw Henndp Id DWn Xpcpp ]nSnt]mse Idpv Icphmfnv henb ]mSpIfmbn amdpp. XmaknbmsX kmh[m\w apIfntev hym]npp.

sNoscmenp `mKs sXmen sNnt\mnbm, D`mKw NobpXp ImcWw aIe Xhnp\ndnep ]mSpI ImWmw. XSnbpsS ]pdwsXmenbnep ]mSpIsfm hepXmbncnpw D`mKs Nob aqeapWvSmIp ]mSpI. Nob h[nv tcmKw cqamIptXmsS XSnbpsS D`mKw Idp \mcpt]msebmIpp. Atm sXn aWvSbnepw tcmKeW {]XysSpp. ]pdw aSepI afnv HSnv XqpIbpw DWpIbpw sNpp. {ItaW sXnaWvS timjnpIbpw Imbv^ew \t IpdbpIbpw sNpw. ssXspIfn tcmKw _m[nptm {]mbamb sXpItfm thKnembncnpw D`mKs Nob ]ScpXv. As\ arZphmb `mK hfsc thKw NobpXpImcWw D`mKw {ZmhIw \nd Hcdt]msebmbnocpp. Cu `mKw IpnsmnpIbmsWn {ZmhIw ]pdtv shwt]mse HenpXp ImWmw. Cu eWw A]qhambn {]mbamb sXpIfnepw, XWpp IqSpXep {]tZifnepw IWvSphcpp.

Xnemhntbmknkv ]mctUmIvk F IpanfmWv tcmKtlXp. sXn XSnbn ImWp apdnhpIfnqSnbpw hf aqeapWvSmIp hnepIfnqSnbpamWv Cu Ipan XSnbn {]thinnv tcmKapWvSmpXv. \oWvS hcbvptijw. s]sv agbpWvSmIpXpw, ssPhhffpsS D]tbmKw Ipdv Bhiyne[nIw cmkhf{]tbmKw \SpXpw XSnbn IqSpX hnepI DWvSmIm ImcWamIpp. hfsc Inbp sN {]tZifn thcpIv km[mcW coXnbn hfcm km[nmsX hcnI, shwsIn \npI Fns\bp LSI sNoscmenp tcmKw hcm\p km[yX Iqpp.

tcmK \nb{Ww.

tcmK_m[bp tXmfn \ohm {IaoIcnpI, th\mev Bhiym\pkcWw PetkN\w \SpI hgn hnepIfpWvSmIpXv IpdbvmhpXmWv. an ssPhmwiw \ne\npXn\mbn acsamn\v 50 Intem{Kmw ssPhhf \tIWvSXmhiyamWv. tcmKw_m[n `mK sNn \onbXn\ptijw apdnhn t_mtUm Ipgtm, NqSmnb tImSmtdm ]pcphm\mWv Cu ASpImew hscbpw \ntinncpXv. Fm, ss{SUntam^v (ImenIvkn) F Ipan \min\n D]tbmKnv Cu tcmKw ]qambpw \nb{nm km[npsav ]T\ sXfnbnncnpp.

Bcw`ZibnXs \nb{W amK Ahew_nm Cu tcmKs ]qWambpw \nb{nmw. tcmK_m[nX `mK sNnamnbXn\p tijw, Av iXam\w hocyn Xmdmnb ImenIvkn (Av annen ImenIvkn, 100 ann en shn FtXmXn) apdnhn ]pcWw. cWvSpZnhkn\ptijw Dcpnb Sm Cu `mKv tXbvmw.

Fm, ]p - ]Xn\v hjn Xmsg {]mbap sXpIfn NqSmnb Sm ]pcnbm B `mKs tImi shpt]mIpXn\m IqSpX Id Henm ImcWamIpw. CXv KpWntesd tZmjw sNpw. Ap iXam\w hocyap ImenIvkn thcneqsS sImSppXpw Ghpw ^e{]ZamWv. thcnqSn Av iXam\w hocyap ImenIvkn sXsmn\v 100 annen hoXw hjn aqv XhW (P\phcn, Pq, HIvtSm_) \IWw. IqSmsX, hjn Hcn sXsmn\v ApIntem{Kmw thn]nmv sXnXSn aphftmsSmw CpsImSppXpw ^e{]Zambncnpw.

thn]nmv tcmKImcnbmb Ipanfns hfsb \ncpmlsSpptXmsSmw ss{StmsUa t]mep FXn IpanfpIfpsS hfsb t{]mmlnnpIbpw sNpp.