WTO IcmÀ: tUm. kzman\mY³ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«pw \S]SnIfpw 

       Km«v IcmÀ 1948 emWv H¸ph¨Xv.  22 cmPy§fmWv BZyapWvSmbncp¶Xv. AXn C´ybpw DÄs¸Sp¶p.  Icmdnsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn temI hym]mc kwLS\ (WTO) \nehn hcpIbpw 1950- ImÀjnItaJebn Agreement on Agriculture {]mhÀ¯nIam¡pIbpw sNbvXp.  Icmdn 110 cmPy§Ä DWvSmbncp¶p.  BtKmfhXvIcW¯nsâ `mKambn temI cmPy§Ä X½nepÅ I¨hSw \oXnbpàam¡pIsb¶XmWv Icmdnsâ DÅS¡w. C´ybps¸sSbpÅ cmPy§Ä AhcpsS k¼ZvhyhØbpw hn]WnIfpw Xpd¶p sImSp¡m³ _m[yØcmWv.  temIhn]Wn {]m]yX hn]pes¸Sp¯pI, Irjn¡mÀ¡pÅ B`y´c ]cnc£ \ymbbpàam¡pI, s]mXpipNnXzþkkyipNnXz am\ZWvU§Ä A\pkcn¨v Hmtcm AwKcmPyhpw IÀi\amb KpW\nehmcw Dev]¶§fpsS DXv]mZ\ {]{Inbbn \njvIÀjn¨v \S¸m¡pI F¶nhbmWv Cu IcmdpIfpsS  hyhØIÄ.  hym]mc kw_Ôamb _u²nI kz¯hImi hyhØIÄ {]Imcw Hmtcm AwKcmPyhpw AhcpsS Dev]¶§fpsS _u²nI kz¯hImiw kw_Ôn¨v Bhiyamb \nba\nÀamW§fpw t`ZKXnIfpw hcp¯n AhsbÃmw kwc£nt¡WvSXmWv.  

Cu IcmdnÂ, Irjnsb kw_Ôn¨ Agreement on Agriculture-Â Xmsg¸dbp¶ Nne {][m\ kwKXnIÄ \njvIÀjn¡p¶p.  

• Market Access (hn]Wn {]thiw/hn]Wn {]m]yX) 

• Domestic Support (B`y´c ]cnc£) 

• Export Subsidies (IbddpaXn CfhpIÄ) 

• Sanitary and phyto sanitary measures (s]mXpipNnXzþkkyipNnXz am\ZWvU§Ä) 

• Trade Related Intellectural Property Rights (TRIPS)  I¨hSkw_Ôamb _u²nI kz¯hImiw)  

hn]Wn {]thi ({]m]yX) hyhØIÄ {]Imcw 1995 apX 2004 hscbpÅ 10 hÀj¡mew sImWvSv Cd¡paXn kw_Ôn¨ \nb{´W§Ä \o¡w sNt¿WvSXmsW¶v hyhØsN¿p¶p. cmPy§Ä Cd¡paXn Xocph (Import duties) L«wL«ambn Ipd¨p sImWvSph¶v, 2005-HmSp IqSn AXv Hgnhm¡Ww. 825 Hmfw ImÀjntImev]¶§Ä¡v 1997 G{]n H¶mw XobXn apX \nehnepWvSmbncp¶ Cd¡paXn Afhp\nb{´Ww 2001 G{]n H¶mw XobXntbmSpIqSn \o¡w sN¿s¸SpIbpWvSmbn.  C¯cw \n_Ô\IÄ C´ysb kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw Zqchy]Iamb {]XymLmX§Ä Dfhm¡p¶hbmWv.  DdptKz duWvSn C´y k½Xn¨X\pkcn¨v {]mYanI ImÀjntImev]¶§Ä¡v 50 iXam\hpw kwkvIcn¡s¸« ImÀjntImev]¶ §Ä¡v 150 iXam\hpw `£y F®IÄ¡v 800 iXam\hpwþGXm\pw Nneh HgnsI-Np¦\nc¡pIÄ AwKoIrX ]cn[nbmbn \nÝbn¡s¸«n«pÅXmWv.    

B`y´c ]cnc£ A\pkcn¨v Hmtcm AwKcmPys¯bpw B`y´c DXv]mZIÀ¡v (domestic producers)  Kh¬saâv \ÂIp¶ ]cnc£ bpànklam¡pIbpw I¨hSs¯ hnIeam¡p¶ Xc¯nepÅ ]cnc£IÄ Hgnhm¡pIbpw sNt¿WvSXmbn«pWvSv.  IcmÀ{]Imcw Ct¸mÄ DÄs¸Sp¯nbn«pÅ {Ko³ t_mIvkv, »q t_mIvkv, Bw_À t_mIvkv F¶nhbv¡p]Icambn IÀjIcpsS D]Poh\þsXmgn kpc£nXXzw Dd¸phcp¯m\mbn Hcp ]pXnb 'Livelihood Security Box' DÄs¸Sp¯m³ WTO A\pcRvP\ NÀ¨Ifn D¶bn¡Wsa¶pw ip]mÀi sNbvXn«pWvSv.  

IbddpaXn kuP\y hyhØIÄ {]Imcw Hmtcm AwKcmPys¯bpw kÀ¡mdpIÄ ImÀjntImev]¶§Ä IbddpaXn sN¿phm\mbn \ÂInhcp¶ ]cnc£ {ItaW Ipd¨psImWvSp h¶v FSp¯p IfbpIbpw  sNt¿WvSXmIp¶p.  

s]mXp ipNnXz-kkyipNnXz am\ZWvU§Ä {]Imcw Hmtcm AwKcmPyhpw IÀi\amb KpW\nehmcw DXv]¶§fpsS DXv]mZ\ {]{Inbbn \njvIÀjn¨v \S¸mt¡WvSXmbn«pWvSv.  

hym]mc kw_Ôamb _u²nI kz¯hImi hyhØIÄ {]Imcw 2005 P\phcntbmSpIqSn Hmtcm AwKcmPyhpw AhcpsS Dev]¶§fpsS _u²nI kz¯hImiw (Intellectual Property Rights)kw_Ôn¨v Bhiyamb \nba\nÀamW§fpw t`ZKXnIfpw hcp¯n AhsbÃmw kwc£n¡s¸tSWv SXmbn«pWvSv.  C´y³ t]ddâv \nbaw (1970), Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 protection of plant varieties and Farmers' Right Act, 2001, Biological Diversity Bill, 2002 F¶nh Cu cwK¯v C´y FSp¯n«pÅ \nba\nÀamW \S]SnIfmWv.  _kvaXn, Acn, UmÀPnenwKv tXbne, aemÀ IpcpapfIv, cXv\Kncn, aÂtKmh, _wK\¸Ån, Ztkcn am¼g§Ä F¶nhbpsS t]ddâv kwc£Ww Pntbm{Km^n¡Â C³Unt¡j³kn DÄs¸Sp¶p.  

tUm. kzman\mY³ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«pw \S]SnIfpw  

temI hym]mc¡cmdn (WTO)  GÀs¸«Xp aqew C´ybnse {]tXyIn¨v, tIcf¯nse Irjn¡mÀ¡v Dfhmbn«pÅ Zqjy^e§Ä F§s\ adnIS¡msa¶pw IcmÀ aqeapWvSmb KpW^e§Ä IÀjIÀ¡v F§s\ IqSpX {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯msa¶pw kwØm\ Kh¬saâv BcmbpIbpWvSmbn.  1995-se temIhym]mc DS¼Sn¡ptijw BtKmfImÀjnI hn]W\cwK¯v ImXemb amdd§Ä kw`hn¨p. hnIknX-hnIkzcþAhnIknX cmPy§Ä X½n hn]Wn hyhØbn AkaXzw km[mcWamWv.  Cu ]Ým¯e¯nemWv {]apJ Irjnimkv{XÚ³ tUm.Fw.Fkv. kzman\mY³ A[y£\mbn Hcp I½ojs\ (Commission on WTO Concerns in Agriculture) tIcf kÀ¡mÀ 2001- \ntbmKn¨Xv.  WTO Icmdnsâ KpW^e§Ä {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯p¶Xn\pw AXnsâ tZmj^e§fpsS Xo{hX Ipdbv¡p¶Xn\pw thWvSn Kh¬saâv kzoIcnt¡WvS \S]SnIsf¡pdn¨v ]Tn¨v dnt¸mÀ«v \ÂIp¶Xn\p thWvSnbmbncp¶p I½ojs\ apJyambpw \ntbmKn¨Xv. I½oj³ \ÂInb CS¡me dnt¸mÀ«v tZmlm tIm¬^d³kn D]tbmKn¡phm³ kwØm\ Kh¬saâv Xocpam\saSp¡p¶Xn\p ap¼mbn sXÃpw ImeXmakw hcmsX tI{µKh¬saân\v Ab¨p sImSp¡pIbpw sNbvXp. 2003 P\phcnbn e`n¨ A´na dnt¸mÀ«nsâ tIm¸n \nbak`bn AwK§Ä¡v hnXcWw sNbvXp. I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«v 2003 s^{_phcn 20-se a{´nk`mtbmK¯n NÀ¨sN¿pIbpw kzoIcnt¡WvS \S]SnIsf¸ddn ip]mÀiIÄ kaÀ¸n¡m³ No^v sk{I«dn A[y£\mbpw ImÀjntImXv]mZ\ I½ojWÀ D]m[y£\pambn Hcp Enpowered Committee cq]oIcn¡pIbpw sNbvXp. A`wKpcamb Hcp ImÀjnI hym]mc kpc£nXXz kwhn[m\w sI«n¸Sp¡phm³ Kh¬saâns\ klmbn¡p¶ ip]mÀiIfpw \nÀtZi§fpw BWv I½oj³ ip]mÀiIfnepÅXv. Ømbnbmbn«pÅ Hcp hym]mc kwhn[m\w sI«n¸Sp¡m³ FSpt¡WvS \S]SnIfn {][m\ambXv CXn\\pkrXambn kwØm\ Kh¬saânsâ ImÀjnI \bcq]oIcWw, DXv]mZ\£aXm hÀ[\hv, KpW\nehmcta·, Irjn IqSpX BZmbIcam¡m\pÅ km[yX hÀ[n¸n¡pI, ]cnc£ A`nhr²n, DXv]mZ\ hcpam\ kpØncX F¶nhbmWv.  

tIcf¯nsâ hym]mcX{´w 3 amÀK\nÀtZi XXz§fn A[njvTnXambncn¡Ww.  

1. B`y´c hym]mcw hym]Iam¡pIbpw AXn\mbn sNehnsâ Imcy¯nepw KpWta·bnepw IqSpXÂ {i² sNep¯pIbpw sN¿pI.

2. SAARC, ASEAN taJebv¡v Du¶Â sImSp¯psImWvSv hnIkzc cmPy§fpambn hym]mc _豈 A\pcRvPn¸n¨v H¶n¨v apt¶dpI.

3. a[y]qÀthjy³ cmPy§Ä B{^n¡³, bqtdm]y³ cmPy§Ä, djy, Atacn¡³ sFIy\mSpIÄ, hSt¡ Atacn¡ XpS§nb cmPy§fpambn BtKmfhym]mcw hnIkn¸n¡pI.  

Ømbnbmb Hcp ImÀjnI-hym]mc kpc£nXXz kwhn[m\w bmYmÀYyamIWsa¦n tI{µ-kwØm\ kÀ¡mdpIÄ C\n¸dbp¶ taJeIfn IqSpX apX apS¡Wsa¶v I½oj³ NqWvSn¡m«p¶p.  

a®v, Pekwc£Ww  

• tdmUv, PetkN\w XpS§nb {KmaoW ASnØm\ kuIcy kwhn[m\§Ä  

• hn]Wnbpw DXv]mZ\m\´c kmt¦XnIhnZyIfpw  

• ]mcnØnXnI kt¦X§sf kw_Ôn¨v KthjWw, hnIk\w, hym]\w  

• hnZym`ymkhpw BtcmKyhpw  

• hcĨbpw addv {]IrXnt£m`§fpw A`napJoIcn¡Â  

• s]mXpipNXz-kkyipNnXz am\ZWvU§Ä ]men¡Â  

kwØm\ kÀ¡mÀ kzoIcn¨ \S]SnIÄ  

dnt¸mÀ«nse ip]mÀiIÄ A\pkcn¨v kwØm\¯nsâ DXv]mZ\þhn]W\, kwkvIcW, IbddpaXn sXmgnÂkm[yXIÄ hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xn\v kwØm\ Kh¬saâv C\n¸dbp¶ \S]SnIÄ CXn\Iw kzoIcn¨pIgnªp.  

ImÀjnI hym]mc hn]W\cwKw kw_Ôn¨v IrXyamb hnhc§Ä bYmkabw e`yam¡p¶Xn\v Hcp shÀNz kÀhIemime \nehn hcp¯p¶Xn\v \S]SnIÄ FSp¯p.  CXn\v Hcp tImSn cq] \S¸p km¼¯nIhÀjs¯ _UvPän hIbncp¯n. 

Huj[kky§fpsS kwc£W¯n\pw hnIk\¯n\pw Hcp Huj[ ssPh Xmgvhc (Herbal biovalley) cq]oIrXamIp¶Xn\v XpS¡w Ipdn¨p.  10 e£w cq] CXn\pthWvSn _UvPddn hIbncp¯n.  Huj[kky§Ä¡pw kpKÔ{Zhy§Ä¡pambn {]tXyI IbddpaXntaJe (A{Kn-FIvkvt]mÀ«v tkm¬) cq]oIcn¡m³ \S]Sn FSp¯p hcp¶p.  

Pntbm{K^n¡Â C³Unt¡j³kv A\pkcn¨v kwØm\s¯ ImÀjntImev]¶§Ä¡v kpc£ Dd¸m¡p¶ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¨p hcp¶p. CXntebv¡mbn 10 e£w cq] _UvPddn hIsImÅn¨n«pWvSv. 

ssPhIrjn¡v t{]mÕml\w \ÂIWsa¶ I½ojsâ dnt¸mÀ«nse ip]mÀiIÄ (t]Pv 92) IW¡nseSp¯p sImWvSv kwØm\¯v ssPhIrjn t{]mÕmln¸n¡phm³ \S]SnIÄ XpS§n.  IrjnhIp¸v, ImÀjnI kÀhIemime, k¶² kwLS\Ifnse IrjnhnZKv[À, imkv{XPvRÀ XpS§nbhÀ DÄs¸Sp¶ Hcp kanXn cq]oIcn¨v {]hÀ¯\tcJ X¿mdm¡p¶Xpw, BZy]Snbmbn hb\mSv, CSp¡n, I®qÀ PnÃIfnse 800 slIvSÀ Øe¯v ioXIme ssPh]¨¡dn¡rjn, hb\mSv PnÃbnse kpKÔ s\Ãn\§fmb PocIime, KÔIime F¶nhbpsS hn]W\w, 1580 slIvSÀ s]m¡mfn ImbÂ{]tZi¯v ssPhIrjncoXn F¶nh \S¸m¡phm\pw tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ klmbt¯msS Hcp ssPhIrjn C³kvddnäyq«v XpS§phm\pw Dt±in¡p¶p.

InÊm³ ]²Xn  

I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«nse Role of Media and creation of media cell (Page 83) ]cnKWn¨p sImWvSv {io sI.]n.hn.\¼ymÀ A[y£\mbpÅ Hcp sF.Sn. D]kanXn cq]oIcn¡pIbpw B kanXnbpsS ip]mÀi {]ImcapÅ Hcp Inkm³ t{]mPIvSv (IÀjI C³^Àtaj³ knÌw kÀhokkv Bâv s\ddv hÀ¡nwKv) sSenhnj³ Nm\epIfneqsS A\pZn\w ImÀjnI hnÚm\ hym]\w \S¯phm\papÅ X¿msdSp¸pIÄ ]qÀ¯nbm¡nhcp¶p. III TN-K bpw FIB bpw tNÀ¶mWv Cu ]²Xn \S¸m¡p¶Xv.  

P´ptcmK hnapà taJe (Disease Free Zone of  Livestock)  

kzman\mY³ I½ojsâ asddmcp ip]mÀibmWv kwØm\s¯ Hcp P´ptcmK hnapàtaJebm¡pIsb¶Xv(t]Pv 77).  CX\pkcn¨v F³.Un.Un._n.bpsS klmbt¯msS kwØm\s¯ P´ptcmK \nb{´W taJe (Disease Control Zone) B¡phm\pÅ \S]SnIÄ CXn\Iw Bcw`n¨pIgnªp.  32 tImSn cq]bpsS Cu ]²Xn¡v cq]w \ÂIn¡gnªp.  

ImÀjnI IbddpaXntaJe (A{Kn. FIvkvt]mÀ«v tkm¬)  

I½ojsâ asämcp \nÀtZiamWnXv (t]Pv 71).  kwØm\¯v DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ ]¨¡dnIfpsSbpw ]ghÀK§fpsSbpw IbddpaXnkm[yX ]camh[n {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯phm\pw ChbpsS h³tXmXnepÅ IbddpaXn e£yam¡nbpw kwØm\s¯ 9 PnÃIsf DÄs¸Sp¯ns¡mWvSv cq]oIcn¨n«pÅ ImÀjnI IbddpaXn taJeIÄ (Agri Export Zones) {]hÀ¯n¸n¡phm\pÅ \S]SnIÄ FSp¯p Ignªp.  

kÀ¡mÀ cq]oIcn¡p¶ kwØm\ _tbmssUthgvknän t_mÀUv ssPhsshhn[yhn`h§fpsS {]mYanI kwc£Isc AhbpsS AwKoImcw, AXnt·Â AhÀ¡pÅ AhImiw, AÀlXs¸« {]Xn^ew F¶nh kw_Ôn¨v kky-P´p¡fpsS kwc£Whpw IÀjIcpsS AhImi§fpw {]Imcw e`yamb ]cnc£sb¡pdn¨v t_m[hm·mcm¡p¶Xn\pÅ \S]SnIÄ FSp¡p¶XmWv.  

IqSmsX, kwØm\ imkv{X-kmt¦XnI-]cnØnXn Iu¬kn Hcp t]ddâv C³^Àtaj³ skâÀ Øm]n¨pIgnªn«pWvSv.  Hcp amk¯n\Iw CXv ]qÀWambpw {]hÀ¯\£aamIpw.  

arKkwc£Whpambn _Ôs¸«v I½ojsâ ip]mÀibpsS ASnØm\¯n F³.Un.Un._nbpsS klmbt¯msS Hcp tcmK \nb{´nX taJebv¡v cq]w sImSp¡p¶Xn\mbn Hcp t{]mPIvSv X¿mdm¡m\mbn hnZKv[ kanXnsb \ntbmKn¡pIbpw AhÀ 2003 amÀ¨n t{]mPIvSv X¿mdm¡n¯cpIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv.  32.36 tImSn cq] sNehp hcp¶ Cu ]²XnbpsS sNehv F³.Un.Un._n. hln¡psa¶ hyhØbn a{´nk`bpsS ¢nbd³kv e`n¨n«pWvSv.

\mep doPnbW tcmK \nÀWb et_mÀ«dnIÄ Øm]n¡p¶Xn\pw hmIvkn\pw doGPâvkpw DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶Xn\papÅ \nÀtZi§fpw ]cnKW\bnepWvSv. 

kzman\mY³ I½oj³ ip]mÀi sNbvX {]Imcw Hcp 'am[ya skÂ' cq]oIcn¡m³ ]»nIv dntej³kv hIp¸v  Xocpam\n¨n«pWvSv.  CXn DÄs¸Sp¶Xn\pÅ hnZKv[sc \nÝbn¨mepS³ sk {]hÀ¯\£aamIpw.  

kwØm\ ¹m\nwKv t_mÀUv ImÀjnI-A\p_Ô taJeIfnse \mS³ kmt¦XnI hnhc§Ä t{ImUoIcn¨v tcJs¸Sp¯n kq£n¡p¶Xn\v ¹m\nwKv I½ojsâ klmbt¯msSbpÅ Hcp ]²Xn¡p cq]wsImSp¡m\pÅ {]hÀ¯\§Ä XpS§n¡gnªp.  

kzman\mY³ I½oj³ dnt¸mÀ«nse aÕy_Ô\w kw_Ôn¨ ip]mÀiIfpw \nÀtZi§fpw DÄs¡mWvSpsImWvSv Hcp IcSv \bw cq]s¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv.  atÕymXv]mZ\¯nsâbpw _Ôs¸« {]hÀ¯\§fpsSbpw KpWta· hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xn\pÅ t_m[hXv¡cW ]cn]mSnIÄ hntÃPpXe¯nepw PnÃmXe¯nepw kwLSn¸n¡m³ aÕy_Ô\ hIp¸n \n¶pw PnÃm Hm^okÀamÀ¡v \nÀtZiw \ÀIn¡gnªp.  

WTO I½ojsâ ip]mÀibpsS ASnØm\¯n hnt\mZ k©mctaJebpsS hnIk\¯n\mbn Ct¡m-Sqdnkw, sl¯v Sqdnkw, kv]ncnNz Sqdnkw F¶o aq¶p hn`mK§fn D¶XXe I½nänIÄ cq]oIcn¡m\pw Xocpam\n¨n«pWvSv.  

tI{µkÀ¡mÀ kzoIcnt¡WvS \S]SnIÄ  

kzman\mY³ I½oj³ \ÂInb dnt¸mÀ«n tI{µkÀ¡mÀ kzoIcnt¡WvS \S]SnIsf kw_Ôn¨ ip]mÀiIÄ ChbmWv.  

• ImÀjnItaJebn D]Poh\-sXmgn kpc£nXw Dd¸phcp¯p¶Xn\mbn WTO Icmdnse \memas¯ t_mIvkmbn Livelihood security Box DÄs¸Sp¯pI.  

• `£y kpc£nXXz¯n\mbn codex standard \S¸m¡pI.  

• TRIPS-Â Bhiyamb t`ZKXnIÄ hcp¯pI.  

• ImÀjntImev]¶§Ä¡v \ymbamb hne Dd¸m¡m\pÅ \S]SnIÄ kzoIcn¡pI.  

• Agriculture Commodity Board-IfpsS LS\bnepw {]hÀ¯\§fnepw th­ amä§Ä hcp¯pI.  

• hnfipNnXz (Phyto Sanitary) ¯nsâ \nehmc¯n\pÅ amZWvU§Ä \nÝbn¡pI.

taÂ]dª ip]mÀiIÄ WTO-bpsS tZml tIm¬^d³kn AhXcn¸n¡p¶Xn\v \nÀtZi cqt]W tI{µkÀ¡mdn\v \ÂInbncp¶p.  

doþ¢mkn^nt¡j³ Anhmcyw  

 WTO Icmdn dºdnsâ ¢mÊn^nt¡j³ tIcfs¯ kw_Ôn¨v hfsc tZmjIcamWv.  kzm`mhnI dºdns\ 'processed product' Bbpw X·qew 'Industrial raw-material' Dw Bbn«mWv Ct¸mÄ XcwXncn¨n«pÅXv.  BbXn\m CXn\pÅ ]camh[n Permissible Tariff Rate (Bond Rate) 25 iXam\w BWv.  F¶m aäp ImÀjntImev]¶§fmb ]cp¯n, Icn¼v apXembh A{KnIĨd t{]mUIvSv Bbn«mWv ¢mknss^ sNbvXn«pÅXv.  BbXn\m Ahbv¡v Xmcn^v tdäv 100 iXam\w BWv.  dºdnsâ Imcy¯nepÅ Cu A´cw amäWw.  CXn\mbn do-¢mkn^nt¡j³ thWw.  Ibdnsâbpw Pyq«nsâbpw Imcy¯nepw CXmhiyamWv.  saIvknt¡mbnse Im³IWn \S¡p¶ WTO-bpsS ASp¯ an\nÌocnb tIm¬^d³kn C¡mcyw D¶bnt¡WvSXmbn«pWvSv.  CXn\mbn tI{µkÀ¡mdnte¡v I¯pIfbbv¡pIbpw sat½mdmWvSw hgn Rm\pw apJya{´nbpw ]e {]mhiyw tI{µa{´nsbbpw {][m\a{´nsbbpw CXnsâ {]m[m\yw [cn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXn«pWvSv.  

Akaamb hfÀ¨bpÅ cmPy§sf hn]WnaÕc¯nsâ Htc tKmZmbnend¡n aÕcn¸n¡p¶Xnse Akzm`mhnIXbmWv C¶v Zriyambncn¡p¶Xv.  CXv Hcn¡epw \oXnbpàaÃ.  

1995 apX 2004 hscbpÅ 10 hÀj¡mew sImWvSv Cd¡paXn kw_Ôn¨ \nb{´W§Ä \o¡w sNt¿WvSXmsW¶v Icmdn hyhØ sNbvXncn¡p¶p.  cmPy§Ä Cd¡paXn Xocph L«wL«ambn Ipd¨p sIm­ph¶v 2005-HmSpIqSn AXv Hgnhm¡Ww.  F¶m C¯csamcp kmlNcy¯n\v \mw C¶pw kÖcmbn«nÃ.  AXn\m 2005 F¶ Cu kab]cn[n Ipd¨p IqSn \o«n¡n«Ww F¶ BhiyamWv hnIkzc cmPy§fpsS `mK¯p \n¶pWvSmtIWvSXv.