tUm. ]n. Fkv. tPm¬
Atkmkntbäv s{]m^kÀ Bâv slUv

tUm. an\n. kn.
AknÌâv s{]m^kÀ
Iipamhv KthjWtI{µw
amS¡¯d, XriqÀ

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\qämWvSpIfmbn sXt¡ Atacn¡bnepw B{^n¡³ cmPy§fnepw ]qÀtÆjy³ cmPy§fnepsams¡ Iipamhv hfÀ¶ncp¶psh¦nepw AXns\ A´mcmjv{S hmWnPy{]m[m\yapÅ Hcp ImÀjnIhnfbmbn IsWvS¯nbXpw hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯Xpw `mcXobcmWv {]tXyIn¨v tIcfobÀ. as®men¸pw h³ tXmXnepÅ Imäpw XSbphm³ thWvSn GXmWvSv \m\qdp hÀjwap³]v t]mÀ«pKokpImÀ P·tZiamb {_koen \n¶pw C´ybnse¯n¨ Iipamhv, 1925 þHmsS Hcp hmWnPyhnfbmbn¯ocpIbpw \½psS IiphWvSn hyhkmb¯n\v ASn¯d ]mIpIbpw sNbvXp. C¶v Gähp a[nIw hntZi\mWyw t\Sn¯cp¶ hnfIfnsem¶mWv Iipamhv. 2002þ03  2015 tImSn cq]bv¡pÅ IiphWvSn¸cn¸pw Dt]mev]¶amb IiphWvSn F®bpw C´ybn \n¶pw IbäpaXn sNbvXXn \n¶p Xs¶ Cu hnfbpsS hntZi\mWy km[yX a\Ênem¡matÃm. P·tZiamb {_koen\p]pdsa C´y, samkmw_n¡v, Xm³km\nb, sI\nb, hnbäv\mw F¶nhnS§fn C¶v Iipamhv hmWnPymSnØm\¯n hfÀ¯p¶p.

C´ybn Iipamhv Irjn tIcfw, B{Ôm{]tZiv, HdoÊ, tKmh, IÀ®mSI, almcmjv{S, Xangv\mSv, ]Ýna_wKmÄ F¶o kwØm\§fnembn hym]n¨p InS¡p¶p.

tIcfamWv, Iipamhv Irjn sN¿s¸Sp¶ kwØm\§fnÂ, hnkvXrXnbpsS Imcy¯n Gähpw ap¶nÂ. ]c¼cmKX IrjnbmbXpsImWvSv DXv]mZ\tijnbn anIhp Ipdª, hfsc {]mbamb ac§fmWv tIcf¯nse an¡ tXm«§fnepw Ct¸mÄ DÅXv F¶XpsImWvSpXs¶, AhbpsS DXv]mZ\tijn C¶v slIvSdn\v 765 In.{Kmw am{XamWv. F¶m ]pXpXmbn Irjn XpS§nb almcmjv{S apXemb kwØm\§fn CXv 1050 In.{Kmw BsW¶v HmÀt¡WvSXmWv.

Iipamhv þ tIcf¯n\v tbmPn¨ \mWyhnf

\½psS \mSnsâ a®pw ImemhØbpw Iipamhv Irjn¡v A\ptbmPyamWv. hfsc DbÀ¶ Nne {]tZi§Ä HgnsI CS\mSp apgph\pw Xoc{]tZi§fnepw, shÅs¡«nÃm¯ Øe¯pw Iipamhv \¶mbn hfcpw. ]mgva®pw sh«pIÃpw sN¦Ãpw \ndª Øe§fpw Iipamhn\v ]Yyw Xs¶. ]cn]men¨m h\a®n IrjnsN¿pt¼mÄ In«p¶ hnfhpXcpw.

aäv \mWyhnfIsft¸mse Øncamsbmcp ]cnNcWw Bhiyanà F¶Xv Cu IrjnbpsS am{Xw {]tXyIXbmWv. sX§n Ibdm\pw, dºÀ Sm¸n§n\psaÃmw sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v ZuÀe`yw t\cnSp¶ C¶s¯ kmlNcy¯n A¯c¯nsemcp kmt¦XnI ]cnÚm\w BhiyapÅ Hcp ]Wn, Iipamhv Irjnbn thWvSn hcp¶nà F¶Xpw \me©pamkw sImWvSv Irjn¸WnIÄ XoÀ¡m\mhpw F¶Xpw BizmkIcamWv. ]c¼cmKX coXnbn apgph³ kabhpw Irjn¡v \o¡nhbv¡p¶ IÀjIÀ amdnbn«v, Irjnsb Hcp "]mÀ«v þ ssSw þ _nkn\Êmbn' ImWp¶ ImeL«¯nemWv \man¶v. Cu Ahkc¯n henb {]bmk§fnÃmsX, Ffp¸w Imiphmcm\mIp¶ Iipamhv t]mepÅ IrjnIfnte¡v IÀjIÀ¡v Xncnbmw.

tIcf¯n C¶s¯ Iipamhv IÀjIcn 78 iXam\w ]cnanX IÀjIcpw 12 iXam\t¯mfw sNdpInS IÀjIcpw 10 iXam\t¯mfw h³InS IÀjIcpamWv. DXv]mZ\£aX C¶t¯Xn \n¶pw aq¶mev Cc«n hÀ[n¸n¡m³ tijnbpÅ C\§fpw kmt¦XnIhnZyIfpw tIcf ImÀjnI kÀhIemime hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯n«pWvSv. Cu coXnIfhew_n¡p¶Xphgn IiphWvSnbpsS DXv]mZ\£aX slIvSdn\v 2þ3 S¬ hsc DbÀ¯phm³ Ignbpw. C¶s¯ It¼mf\nehmca\pkcn¨v Intembv¡v 33 cq]sb¦nepw hneIn«nbm Hcp slIvSdnÂ\n¶v Hcp e£w cq]tbmfw hcpam\w \ap¡v {]Xo£n¡mw. C¯c¯n GXp tXm«hnfsb¡mfpw IqSpX AämZmbw Xcm\pÅ Ignhv Iipamhnsâ am{Xw {]tXyIXbmWv.

]pXnb C\§Ä

\nehnepÅ an¡ Iipamhn³tXm«§fpw DXv]mZ\tijn Ipdª \mS³ ac§fnÂ\n¶v tiJcn¨ hn¯WvSn D]tbmKn¨v \«phfÀ¯nbhbmWv. IiphWvSn DXv]mZ\taJebnse aµXbpsS {][m\ ImcWhpw CXpXs¶. DbÀ¶ DXv]mZ\w e`n¡Wsa¦n AXypXv]mZ\ tijnbpÅ C\§Ä Xs¶ \SWw. 20 hÀj¯n\v apIfn {]mbamb, DXv]mZ\tijn Ipdª ac§Ä sh«n¡fªv B Øm\¯v ]pXnb ssXIÄ \SpItb t]mwhgnbpÅq. AXypXv]mZ\tijnbpÅXpw tIcf¯nse ImemhØbv¡pw a®n\pw tbmPn¨Xpamb ]Xn\mev Iipamhn\§Ä tIcf ImÀjnI kÀhIemime ]pd¯nd¡nbn«pWvSv. Chbn amS¡¯dþ1, B\¡bwþ1 F¶o BZyw ]q¡p¶ C\§fpw I\I, [\, [c{io, AarX, A£b, A\L, {]nb¦, cmLhv, ZmtamZÀ F¶o a[yIme k¦cbn\§fpw DWvSv. tIcf¯n\p tbmPn¨ t{KUn§v \nÀ_Ôambpw A\phÀ¯nt¡WvSn hcp¶ Hcp \msf ap¶n IWvSp sImWvSv IbäpaXn¡\ptbmPyamb KpWhpw hep¸hpapÅ IiphWvSntbmSpIqSnb C\§Ä am{Xw sXcsªSp¡m\pw IÀjIÀ {i²n¡Ww. C¯cw C\§fpsS H«pssX DXv]mZn¸n¨v ]pXnb tXm«§Ä hfÀ¯nsbSp¡Ww. FIvkvt]mÀ«v t{KUv þ180 Bb {]nb¦ t]mepÅ C\§Ä¡v hn]Wnbn Cc«nhne In«m³ km[yXbpWvSv. ImÀjnI kÀhIemimebpsS hnhn[ KthjWtI{µ§fn \nt¶m, Kh¬saâv AwKoIcn¨n«pÅ kzImcy t\gvkdnIfn \nt¶m IÀjIÀ¡v H«pssXIÄ hm§mw.

a®dnªp\SoÂ

km[mcW, Iipamhv \Spt¼mÄ ]ment¡WvS AIew, a®nsâ ^e]pjvSn¡\pkcn¨v 7.5 apX 10 aoäÀ hscbmWv. CXn\p]Icw ^e]pjvSn Ipdª a®n ac§Ä ASp¸n¨v 4 apX 6 aoäÀ hsc AIe¯n sNSnIfpsS km{µX Iq«nbpw \Smw. a®nsâ ^e]pjvSnbpw \So AIehpw A\pkcn¨v 6þ7 hÀj§Ä¡pÅn ac§Ä Iq«nap«m³ XpS§pt¼mÄ, CSbv¡pÅ ac§Ä apdn¨p amän F®w {IaoIcn¡mw. aq¶v hÀjwsImWvSv hnfhv Xcp¶ H«pssXIfn \n¶v Cu coXnhgn IqSpX hnfhv I«p¶tXmsSm¸w apdn¨p amänb ac§fpsS hndIn \n¶v A[nIhcpam\hpw e`n¡pw.

Iipamhn\v hfw Bhiytam?

Xcnip`qanbnÂt]mepw kmam\yw \¶mbn hfÀ¶v hnfhv Xcp¶ acambXn\m km[mcWbmbn Iipamhn\v hfw sN¿m³ IÀjIÀ sa\s¡SmdnÃ. F¶m aäp hnfIsft¸mse Xs¶, Iipamhn\pw thWvS {][m\ ]cnNcWapdIfn H¶mWv hf{]tbmKw. Øncambn, icnbmb kab¯v, ip]mÀisNbvX cmkhf§fpw ssPhhf§fpw tNÀ¯pÅ hf{]tbmKcoXn ac¯nsâ hnfhv Cc«ntbmfw hÀ[n¸n¡p¶Xmbn IWvSn«pWvSv. ssPhhf§sfm¶pw tNÀ¡m¯ Iipamhn³ tXm«¯n ssPhmwiw \ne\nÀ¯p¶Xv ac¯n \n¶pw s]mgnªphogp¶ CeIfmWv. Hmtcm hÀjhpw slIvSdn\v 3þ4 St®mfw ssPhhfw C§s\ tNÀ¡s¸Sp¶pWvSv. Cu a®n ag¡me¯v PohmWphf§Ä tNÀ¯psImSp¡pI hgn, ]mIyP\I¯nsâbpw `mhI¯nsâbpw e`yXbpw Imcy£aXtbmSpIqSnb D]tbmKhpw hÀ[n¡pw.

A[nIhcpam\¯n\v CShnf

Iipamhn³ssXIÄ Imbv¨v hcpam\w In«n¯pS§m³ 5 hÀjsa¦nepsaSp¡pw. Cu ImebfhnÂ, tXm«¯n \n¶pw hcpam\w In«Wsa¦n CShnf Irjn IqSntb Xocq. CShnfIÄ¡v thWvSnbpÅ Irjn¸WnIÄ, a®v Cf¡apÅXm¡n¯oÀ¯v Iipamhnsâ thcv hfcp¶Xn\v klmbn¡pw; Ifieyhpw Ipdbv¡mw. tXm«¯nse Pee`yXbpw kqcy{]Imihpw H¸w hn]W\km[yXbpw IW¡nseSp¯v CShnfIÄ sXcsªSp¡mw. tN¼v, tN\ XpS§nb Ing§phÀKhnfIÄ, a¯³, shÅcn, Npc¡, shWvS, Noc, apfIv XpS§nb ]¨¡dnhnfIÄ, Nnäc¯, BStemSIw, IkvXqcnaªÄ, sN§\oÀ Ing§v XpS§nb acp¶psNSnIÄ, ssIX¨¡ Hs¡ Iipamhn\v tbmPn¨ CShnfIfmWv. CShnfIÄ¡v {]tXyIhfw \ÂIm³ ad¡cpXv.

Nne {]tXyI ]cnNcW§Ä

tXm«¯nse FÃm Iipamhn\pw an¡hmdpw FÃm imJIfnepw kqcy{]Imiw e`n¡m³ {]tXyIw {i²n¡Ww. kqcy{]Imiw e`n¡msX sNSnbpsS ASn`mK¯v hfÀ¶pImWp¶ DXv]mZ\£aX Ipdª imJIÄ apdn¨p amäWw.

Iipamhv \«v BZyhÀj§fnse Ifieyw sNSnbpsS hfÀ¨ apcSn¨v DXv]mZ\w hfsc Ipdbv¡pw. CXn\v hÀj¯n cWvSp{]mhiysa¦nepw If\nb{´Ww \S¯Ww. IiphWvSn tiJcWw kuIcy{]Zam¡m\pw \hw_À þUnkw_À amk§fn If\nb{´Ww \S¯ntb Xocq.

1 {Kmw IÄ«mÀ F¶ tlmÀtam¬, 1 enäÀ shůn Ie¡nbXnt\msSm¸w 1% hocyapÅ s]m«mknbw ss\t{Säpw tNÀ¯v, XfncnSp¶Xn\p ap¼mbn HIvtSm_À amk§fn Xfn¨psImSp¯m Iipamhv Htc kabw ]q¯v DbÀ¶ hnfhv Xcp¶Xmbn IWvSn«pWvSv.

IoS§Äs¡Xnsc Pm{KX

Iipamhns\ _m[n¡p¶ IoS§fn {][m\w tXbnes¡mXpIpw XSn Xpc¸³]pgphpamWv. ChbpsS B{IaWwaqew 25 sXm«v 30 iXam\w hsc hnf\jvSw kw`hn¡p¶p. {i²n¨nsæn 2þ3 hÀjw sImWvSv acw DW§nt¸mIm\pw aXn. B{IaWw t\ct¯ IWvSp]nSn¡m³ {ian¡Ww. a®pw XSnbpw tNcp¶ `mKhpw Npäp]mSpw t]mIp¶ henb thcpIfpsS XpS¡`mKhpw {]tXyI \nco£W¯n\v hnt[bamt¡WvSXmWv.

ssPhIoS\nb{´Ww

kkyP\yamb ]ZmÀY§Ä am{Xap]tbmKn¨v IoS§sf \nb{´n¡m³ km[n¨m ]cn¸n\v anI¨ KpW\nehmchpw hnebpw hntZihn]Wnbn Dd¸phcp¯mw. tISmb inJc§Ä apdn¨pamän, Xobn«v \in¸n¡mw. sImgnªphoW CeIÄ ASn¨pIq«n, Xo BfmsX ]pIbnSp¶Xpw {]mWnieyw Ipdbv¡pw.

Iipamhv Irjn þ Hcp sXmgnÂtaJe

IiphWvSn hyhkmbhpambn _Ôs¸«v aq¶pe£¯ntesd sXmgnemfnIÄ, {]tXyIn¨v kv{Xo sXmgnemfnIÄ D]Poh\amÀKw t\Sp¶p F¶Xv Cu hnfbpsS {]m[m\ys¯ kqNn¸n¡p¶p. F¶mÂ, tXm«WvSnbpsS ZuÀe`yw aqew tIcf¯nse 250þ tesd hcp¶ IiphWvSn ^mIvSdnIÄ an¡hbpw sImïn aqt¶m \mtem amkw am{XamWv Xpd¶v {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. B{^n¡³ cmPy§fn \n¶pw, hnbäv\mw, Xmbveâv apXemb cmPy§fn \n¶pw IiphWvSn Cd¡paXn sNbvXv AXnÂ\n¶pw ]cn¸v DXv]mZ\w \S¯nbmWv Cu Ipdhv Ct¸mÄ ]cnlcn¡m³ {ian¡p¶Xv. Iipamhnsâ Irjnbpw DXv]mZ\hpw hnIkn¸n¨v CXv ]cnlcn¡mw.
km[mcW¡mÀ¡v hÀj¯n 6 amk¯ntesdsb¦nepw sXmgnÂkm[yX e`yam¡p¶XmWv Iipamhnsâ H«pssX DXv]mZ\¯n\pÅ \gvkdn. Hcp e£w {Km^väpWvSm¡m\pÅ Hcp \gvkdnbn hÀj¯n 4360 t]À¡v sXmgn \ÂIm\mIpw. C¶s¯ \nebn {Km^vsäm¶n\v GItZiw 6 cq]tbmfw em`hpw {]Xo£n¡mw.

C¶s¯ kmlNcy¯n Iipamhnsâ Hcp Dt]mev]¶w am{XamWv Iipam§. hneIqSnbXpw k¦oÀWhpamb D]IcW§Ä IqSmsXXs¶ Iipam§bn \n¶v Pmw, Pyqkv, knd¸v, Iym³Un, A¨mÀ, hn\mKncn F¶n§s\ hnhn[ hn`h§fpWvSm¡msa¶ Imcyw C¶pw ]eÀ¡pw AdnbnÃ. IpSpw_{io bqWnäpIÄ hgn ChbpsS kwkvIcWhpw hn]W\hpw \S¸nem¡mhp¶XmWv.
tKmhbn am{XamWv Ct¸mÄ Iipam§bp]tbmKn¨v s^\n F¶ aZyw \nÀan¨phcp¶Xv. CXphgn DXv]mZ\þhn]W\ taJeIfn AhnsS ]Xn\mbnct¯mfwt]À¡v sXmgn e`n¡p¶pWvSv. \qämWvSpIfmbn tKmhbn B_mehr²w P\§fpw ]e AkpJ§Ä¡pw Huj[ambn s^\n D]tbmKn¨phcp¶p. tKmhbnepÅXnsâ Cc«ntbmfw Iipam§ DXv]mZn¸n¡p¶ tIcf¯n Iipam§bn \n¶pw s^\n DWvSm¡phm³ C¶pw \nbaXSÊtasd. s^\n DXv]mZ\w IiphWvSn hyhkmbt¯msSm¸tam aäv UnÌnednIfntem \S¯pIbmsW¦nÂ, Iipam§bpsS kw`cWhpw Dev]¶§fpsS hn]W\hpw kpKaambncn¡pw.

Iipamhv Irjn hym]Iam¡m³

\Ãbn\w \So hkvXp¡Ä Xm§mhp¶ hnebv¡v e`yam¡pIbpw ]p\ÀIrjn¡v k_vknUn \ÂIpIbpw sN¿p¶Xnt\msSm¸w IiphWvSn¡v em`Icamb hnebpw Dd¸phcp¯nbm atäsXmcp hnfsb¡mfpw km¼¯nI`{ZXbpÅ hnfbmbncn¡pw Iipamhv. UbdIvStdäv Hm^v Imjyp Bâv sImt¡m sUhe]vsaânsâ {]hÀ¯\w dºÀt_mÀUnsâ {]hÀ¯\¯n\v Xpeyam¡pItbm IiphWvSn¡pthWvSn Hcp Imjypt_mÀUpXs¶ cq]oIcn¡pItbm sNbvXm C´ysbm«msIbpÅ Iipamhp IrjnbpsS hnIk\{]{Inb¡v B¡w Iq«m³ Ignbpw.

Npcp¡¯nÂ, imkv{Xob IrjnapdIfpw ]cnNcWhpw \ÂInbm anI¨ hnfhv Xcp¶ Hcp IÂ]hr£w Xs¶bmWv Iipamhv. Iipamhn\v \½psS kmaqly km¼¯nI cwK§fnepÅ {]m[m\yhpw IqSpX BZmbw Xcm\pÅ Ignhpw IÀjIÀ¡v a\Ênem¡ns¡mSp¡pIbpw H¸w kÀÆIemime hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯ \qX\kt¦X§Ä Ahcntes¡¯n¡pIbpw sNbvXmte IiphWvSn DXv]mZ\taJebn Hcp IpXn¨pNm«w km[yamhpIbpÅq. CXnte¡v KthjIÀ, DXv]mZIÀ, hnIk\{]hÀ¯IÀ, hnÚm\hym]\ {]hÀ¯IÀ, P\{]Xn\n[nIÄ FÃmhcpw tNÀ¶ Hcq Iq«mb bXv\w IqSntb Xocq.