ImäphogvN tcmKw aqew sX§nsâ BtcmKyhpw hnfhpw Ipdbp¶Xmbn GhÀ¡padnbmw. F¶m ImäphogvN _m[n¨ sX§pIÄ¡v icnbmb ]cnNcWw \ÂIp¶Xn ImWn¡p¶ A\mØbmWv tcmK hyhØsb KpcpXcam¡p¶Xv. ]ecpw sX§n\pWvSmIp¶ Ht«sd IoStcmK_m[bpsS e£W§Ä ImäphogvNtcmKw aqeamsW¶v [cn¨n«pffXmbn ImWp¶p. ImäphogvN tcmKs¯¡pdn¨pff Hcp eLphnhcWw C\n¸dbp¶p. 

FhnsSsbms¡ Cu tcmKw ImWs¸Sp¶p?  

tIcf¯nse sX¡³ PnÃIfn IqSpXembpWvsS¦nepw asäÃm PnÃIfnepw ImäphogvN tcmKw ImWp¶pWvSv. IqSmsX Xangv\mSv, tKmh XpS§nb kwØm\§fnepw Cu tcmKw IWvSp hcp¶p.  

{][m\ tcmK e£W§Ä 

Hme¡mepIÄ Ccphi¯pw \n¶pw hmcnsbÃpIÄ t]mse Dffntebv¡v hfbpI, aªfn¸v, Hme¡mepIfpsS AcnIv IcnbpI F¶nhbmWv {][m\ tcmK e£W§Ä. sNdp {]mb¯nepff sX§pIfnepw sX§n³ssXIfnepw  Hme¡mepIÄ hfbp¶XmWv {][m\ e£Ww.    

A\p_Ô e£W§Ä    

KpW\nehmcw Ipdª 'dºdn sIm{]' CStbmeIfpsS aªfn¸v, Hme¯p¼pIÄ HSnªp Xq§pI, ]q¦pIcn¨n F¶nhbmWv Cu tcmKhpambn _Ôs¸«p ImWp¶ aäv e£W§Ä.

tcmKImcWw  

'ss^täm¹mkva' F¶ kq£vmWphmWv tcmKtlXp. CXv 'ssat¡m¹mkva' t]msebpff Pohn F¶mWv t\scs¯ Adnbs¸«ncp¶Xv. 1993 se A´mcmjv{S kt½f\¯n h¨v CXnsâ t]cv ss^täm¹mkva sb¶m¡n amän. sshdknâbpw _mIvSocnbbpsSbpw CSbnepff Hcp kq£va PohnbmWnXv.

tcmKhmlIÀ  

Hme¡mepIfpsS ASn`mK¯p ImWs¸Sp¶ td´]{XnIÄ (Lacebugs), ]p¨mSnIÄ F¶nh tcmKw ]c¯p¶Xmbn sXfnbn¨n«pWvSv.

HmeNobepw ImäphogvNepw  

 Imäp hogvNbpff 65--70 iXam\w sX§pIfnepw HmeNob tcmKw ImWs¸Sp¶p. HmeNobemWv Imäv hogvNbpff sX§pIfpsS BtcmKyhpw DÂ]mZ\hpw KWyambn Ipdbv¡p¶Xv.

ImäphogvN _m[nX {]tZi§fnse {]iv\§Ä  

ImäphogvN tcmKw IqSpXembpff Be¸pg PnÃbn \S¯nb dnt¸mÀ«p sNbvXn«pff hnhc§Ä sX§vv Irjnbnse Nne ASnØm\ {]iv\§Ä hniIe\w sN¿p¶Xn\v klmbn¡pw.

sX§pIÄ X½nepff CSbIew H«pw Xs¶ ]men¡s¸Sp¶nà  

imkv{Xnb ip]mÀi {]Imcw 7.5*7.5 aoäÀ AIe¯nemWv sX§v \tSWvSXv. A{]Imcw Hcp slIvSdn 175-180 sX§pIÄ \Smhp¶nS¯v 220-247 hsc sX§pIÄ X½n 6.3 aoäÀ AIew am{Xta ]men¡s¸Sp¶pffq. CXn\p ]pdsa ]pcbnS§fn aäv hnfIfpw hr£§fpw ]camh[n D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mt\m, sX§pIÄ¡pw aäv CShnfIÄ¡pw \à coXnbn hnfhv \ÂImt\m Cu kmlNcyw A\ptbmPyaÃ. AXn\m imkv{Xob coXnbn D]tbmK{]Zamb ]camh[n hnfhpIÄ {IaoIcnt¡WvSXv Hmtcm hnfbn \n¶pw ]camh[n DÂ]mZ\w e`n¡phm³ AXy´mt]£nXamWv.

sX§pIfpsS P\nXIta· Dd¸m¡p¶nà  

\nehnepff 10-20 iXam\t¯mfw sX§pIÄ 10-15 hÀj§Ä¡v tijhpw Imbv^ew \ÂIm¯hbpw HmeIfpsS F®w icmicn 15-20 F®¯nepw XmsgbpamsW¶mWv kÀshbn dnt¸mÀ«v sNbvXn«pffXv. e`yamb ssXIÄ FÃmw Xs¶ \Sm³ {ian¡msX hnizmktbmKyamb CS§fn \n¶v sa¨s¸« amXrhr£§Ä sXscsªSp¯v AhbpsS hn¯ptX§ imkv{Xobambn ]mInInfÀ¸n¨v ta¯cw ssXIÄ am{Xw \SpI. ImäphogvN _m[n¨ {]tZi§fn tcmK e£W§Ä CÃm¯Xpw sa¨s¸« hnfhv \ÂIp¶Xpamb sX§pIÄ IWvsS¯nbpw hn¯p tX§ tiJcn¡mw.

]pcbnS IrjnbpsS ImgvN¸mSv amdp¶p  

Hcp ssIs¯mgn F¶ XXz¯n \n¶pw sNdpInS ]pcbnSIrjn amdns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. Ipd¨p sX§pIÄ am{XapffhÀ t]mepw AhbpsS XSw Xpd¡mt\m, \\bv¡mt\m, ]pXbnSmt\m, ]¨nehfhn¯pIÄ hnXbv¡mt\m, hfw tNÀ¡mt\m Xm¸cys¸Sp¶nÃ. \s½ kvt\ln¡pI¿pw c£n¡pI¿pw sN¿p¶ {]IrXnbpsS hcZm\amb sX§n\v A¸w  {i²bpw ]cnNcWhpw \ÂIp¶Xn Ip«nIfpw ho«½amcpw IpSpw_\mYt\msSm¸w ]¦mfnIfmIWw. sX§n³ tXm¸n ]¨¡dnhnfIÄ, IpcpapfIv, ^ehr£§Ä, Ing§v hÀ¤§Ä, hmg XpS§nbhsbms¡ CShnfbmbn Irjn sN¿mhp¶XmWv. Ahbv¡pff ]cnNcW§Ä {]tXyIw \ÂIWsa¶v am{Xw.

ssPh ]p\xNw{IaW¯nsâ Ipdhv  

a®n ssPhmwi¯nsâ Ipdhv ImäphogvN tcmKw IqSpX cq£amIphm³ ImcWamIp¶p. sX§n \n¶pw aäp hnfIfn \n¶pw e`yamIp¶ ssPhmhinjvS§Ä AhnsS¯s¶ ]p\cp]tbmKn¡p¶Xv a®v ]pjvSns¸Sm\pw hnfhv hÀ²n¡m\pw klmbn¡pw. sX§nsâ Hme, aSÂ, ¢mªnÂ, sXmWvSv apXembh a®nte¡pXs¶ Xncn¨v \ÂImhp¶XmWv. Hmebpw aäpw a®ncIt¼mÌm¡n amämw, Icnbne aäp ssPhmhinjvS§Ä F¶nh It¼mÌm¡pItbm, ]pXnbXnSm\mbn D]tbmKn¡pItbm sN¿mw. Imen hfÀ¯Â DWvsS¦n NmWIhpw tKmaq{Xhpw ssPhhfambn D]tbmKn¡mw. kqcy{]Imiw, a®v, Pew F¶nh ]camh[n D]tbmKn¡m\mbn icnbmb AIe¯n \« sX§pIÄ¡nSbn CShnfIrjn k{¼Zmbw A\phÀ¯n¨v Ahbn \n¶pff ssPhmhinjvS§Ä IqSn D]tbmKs¸Sp¯mhp¶XmWv.

]cnNcW¡pdhv  

atäsXmcp hnfsbbpw t]mse shffhpw hfhpw ]cnNcWhpw sX§n\pw BhiyamWv.  ImäphogvN _m[nX {]tZi§fn ChbpsS A`mhw hfsc IqSpX IWvSp hcp¶p.  AXn\m sX§nsâ  hfÀ¨bv¡v Bhiyamb t]mjWhpw aäv ]cnNcW§fpw ip]mÀi {]Imcw \ÂtIWvSXmWv. \à \So hkvXp D]tbmKn¡p¶tXmsSm¸w icnbmb ]cnNcWhpw thWvS kab¯v \ÂIpIbmWv ]camh[n hnfhv e`n¡phm³ AXymhiyambn«pffXv.  ZoÀLamb hnfbmbXn\mepw. FÃm amkhpw Ipebpw Hmebpw DWvSmIp¶Xn\mepw icnbmb ]cnNcWw sX§n\v BhiyamsW¶ Imcy¯n kwibanÃtÃm.

IoS-tcmK_m[IfpsS cq£X  

IoStcmK \nb{´W Imcy¯n hfscb[nIw AhKWn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp hnfbmWv sX§v. sX§n Ibdn acp¶v sN¿m\pff sXmgnemfnIfpsS A`mhw, hÀ²n¨ Iqen sNehv, IoStcmKm{IaWw Xncn¨dnbm\pff AdnhnÃmbva F¶nhsbms¡ CXn\pff {]mtbmKnI {]iv\§fmbn {][m\ dnt¸mÀ«pIÄ NqWvSn¡m«p¶p. HmeNobÂ, aWvS¸pgp (sN¼³ sNÃn), sIm¼³ sNÃn XpS§nbhsb bYmkabw \nb{´n¡m¯Xpw \in¨ sX§pIÄ \o¡w sN¿m¯Xpw A{IaWw cq£amIm\pw aäp IrjnbnS§fntebv¡v hym]n¡m\pw ImcWamIp¶p. AXn\m sX§nsâ kkykwc£Ws¯¸änbpff Adnhpw {]mtbmKnI ]cnioe\hpw \ÂIp¶Xn\v Iq«mb {ia§Ä AXymhiyamWv.

ImäphogvN _m[n¨ sX§pIÄ¡v icnbmb ]cnNcW apdIÄ A\phÀ¯n¨m Ct¸mÄ e`n¡p¶Xnsâ 3-4 aS§v hsc hnfhv hÀ²n¸n¡msa¶v KthjW§fpw IÀjIcpsS ]pcbnS§fn \S¸m¡nb {]ZÀi\t¯m«§fpw sXfnbn¨n«pWvSv.  tI{µ tXm«hnf KthjW C³Ìnäyq«v 1960 Ifn Xs¶ ImäphogvN_m[nX {]tZi§en A\phÀ¯nt¡WvS ]cnNcW apdIÄ ip]mÀi sN¿pI¿pw Ah IrjnbnS§fn t_m[yam¡nbn«pffXpamWv. F¶m ]e ImcW§fm Ah IrjnbnS§fn ]qÀ®ambn \S¸nem¡m³ Ignªn«nÃ. ImäphogvN tcmK¯n\v ip]mÀi sN¿p¶ kwtbmPnX ]cnNcW apdIÄ C\n¸dbp¶p.

•     KpWta·bpff sX§n³ssXIÄ \Sm\p]tbmKn¡pI

sX§nsâ BtcmKyhpw DbÀ¶ hnfhpw Dd¸m¡m\pw IoS-tcmK§sf sNdp¡m\pw CXmhiyamWv. ssXIÄ¡v thWvS coXnbnepff ]cnNcWw \ÂIpI. 

•     HmeNob tcmKhpw IoSm{IaWhpw \nb{´n¡pI

HmeNob _m[n¨ \t¼mebpsSbpw AXn\Sp¯pff HmeIfpsSbpw Noª `mK§Ä \o¡w sNbvX tijw 300 anÃnenädn shff¯n 2 anÃoenädn tImWvSm^v Asæn 3 {Kmw ssUt¯³ Fw- 45 IeÀ¯nb emb\n \t¼meIfn Hgn¡pI. AXn\v tijw 200 {Kmw BäpaWen (Hcp Nnc«) 20 {Kmw t^mtdäv Asæn 100 {Kmw atcm«¸n®mt¡m IeÀ¯n \t¼me¡hnfn CSp¶Xv IoS§fn \n¶pw kwc£Ww \ÂIpw. G{]nÂ- tabv, HIvtSm_À- \hw_À F¶n§s\ hÀj¯n cWvSv {]mhiyw CX\phÀ¯n¡Ww.

ssPhhfw Bhiy¯n\v \ÂIpI  

sXs§m¶n\v sk]vXw_À-- HIvtSm_À amk§fn XSw Xpd¶v 50 Intem{Kmw ssPhhfw  tNÀt¡WvSXmWv. NmWIw, It¼mÌv, aäv ssPhhf§Ä, ]¨neIÄ F¶nh CXn\mbn D]tbmKn¡mw.

sX§n³ XS¯n ]¨ne hfs¨SnbpsS hn¯v G{]nÂ- tabv amk§fn hnX¨v sk]väw_À HIvtSm_À amkt¯msS ]ngpXv a®n tNÀ¡mw. a®pw Pehpw kwc£n¡p¶Xv IqSmsX IfIÄ hfmcmXncn¡m\pw ]¨nehf {]tbmKw klmbn¡p¶p. h³]bÀ, NW¼v, apffnÃmsXm«mhmSn, sImgnªnÂ, Inep¡n XpS§nbhsbms¡ C{]Imcw D]tbmKn¡mw

cmkhfw cWvSp KUp¡fmbn \ÂIpI  

500 {Kmw ]mIyP\Iw 300 {Kmw `mhlw 1000 {Kmw £mcw F¶ tXmXn BWv. cmkhf {]tbmKw \St¯WvSXv. CXn\mbn 1.1 Intem{Kmw bqdnb 1.5 Intem{Kmw aÊqdn t^mkv, 1.7 Intem{Kmw ayqdntbäv Hm^v s]m«mjv F¶nh \ÂImw, IqSmsX 1 Intem{Kmw aáojyw kÄt^äv IqSn \ÂIWw. ip]mÀibpsS <sup>1</sup>/<sub>3</sub> `mKw G{]nÂ- tabnepw , ²/₃ `mKw sk]vXw_À - HIvtSm_dnepw \ÂIWw.

sX§n³ XS§fn ]pXbnSpI  

hnhn[ CShnfIÄ Irjn sN¿pI¿pw Ahbn \n¶pff ssPhmhinjvS§Ä ]p\xNw{IaWw \S¯pIbpw sN¿pI.  4 Znhk¯nsemcn¡Â 200 -250 enäÀ shffw F¶ tXmXn PetkN\w \S¯pI XpS§nbhbpw hnfhv hÀZv[n¡p¶Xn\v klmbn¡p¶p.

Hme¡mepIÄ hnScmXncn¡pI, Dffn It¼m Nnc«tbm ImWmXncn¡pI, Htc Ipebn Xs¶ icnbmb hen¸¯nepffXpw hen¸anÃm¯Xpamb \mfntIcw DWvSmIpI XpS§nb e£W§Ä t_mtdm¬ F¶ aqeI¯nsâ Ipdhv sImWvSmWv DWvSmIp¶Xv.  CXv \nb{´n¡phm³ 300 {Kmw t_mdIvkv cWvSp {]mhiyambn ssXIÄ¡pw, 500 {Kmw t_mdmIvkv cWvSp {]mhiyambn Imbv¡p¶hbv¡pw \ÂtIWvSXmWv. CXv cmkhft¯msSm¸w a®n CuÀ¸apfft¸mÄ \ÂImw. aäp IoS-tcmK§Ä¡pw Bhiym\pkcWw \nb{´WamÀ¤§Ä ssIsImÅWw.

tcmKw hfsc cq£ambn Imbv^esam¶panÃmsX \n¡p¶ sX§pIÄ  apdn¨p amäq¶Xv tcmK_m[ IqSpX ]ScmXncn¡m\pw km¼¯nI \jvSw Hgnhm¡m\pw klmbn¡pw.